Kaasutukseen perustuvat CHP-tekniikat ForestEnergy2020 -tutkimus- ja innovaatio-ohjelman vuosiseminaari, Joensuu, 8-9.10.2013 10.10.2013 Ilkka Hiltunen
Biomass Gasification to Different Final Products OIL COAL BIOMASS WASTE/SRF Wide Feedstock basis GASIFICATION 800-1400 o C O 2 A I R S T E A M G A S C L E A N I N G SYNGAS (CO + H 2 ) FUEL GAS FT-diesel fuel Methanol, DME Gasoline, jet-fuel Hydrogen Synthetic methane Chemicals Industrial kilns Co-firing in boilers Gas turbines Engines Fuel cells High-efficiency Power and Heat
High-Efficiency Power from Biomass Gasification coupled to engines for small-scale plants 0.05-10 MWe Micro-CHP based on downdraft gasifier, e.g. Volter Fluidized bed gasification CHP plants, e.g. Skive, Güssing Atmospheric fluidized-bed gasifier connected to boiler High efficiency Waste-to-Energy, Kyvo 2, Lahti Energia Biomass gasification to replace coal from PC boiler, Vaskiluodon Voima IGCC based on pressurised fluidised-bed gasification and hot filtration pilot-scale R&D by VTT in 1990 s for large scale of 30 150 MWe new interests due to increasing need for green power
Power Production from Biomass Gasification based systems for different size classes Gasifier + fuel cell Gasifier + fuel cell + steam / GT-cycle Long-term Fixed-bed + stirling engine Fixed- / fluidised-bed gasifier + indirect gas turbine cycle Fixed/fluidised-bed gasifier + gas / diesel engine Simplified IGCC based on pressurized gasification and combined cycle Fixed-bed + steam cycle Atmospheric fluidised-bed gasifier connected to boiler Present 10 kw 100 kw 1 MW 5 MW 10 MW 50 MW 100 MW Power
Pienimuotoinen CHP-tekniikka: Puupohjaisten polttoaineiden kaasutus ja moottorivoimalaitos Sovellukset Kokoluokka 0-10 MW th, suuri potentiaali sähköä 20-30 %, sähkö + lämpö n. 80 % Pienet kaukolämpölaitokset Sahat ja muu mekaaninen metsäteollisuus Pienimmässä kokoluokassa maatilat Kehitysmaiden ja kehittyvien maiden markkinat T&K-työ ja eri tekniikat Mikro CHP (10-200 kwe): Useimmiten myötävirtakaasuttimia yhdistettynä yksinkertaiseen tuotekaasunpuhdistukseen Suurempi kokoluokka (2-10 MWe): Leijukerroskaasutus sekä monimutkaisempi kaasun puhdistus Vastavirtakaasutus ja monivaiheinen kaasun pesu
Perinteisen myötävirtakaasuttimen kaaviokuva Imbert kaasutin, Georges Imbert v. 1924
Volter Downdraft gasifier followed by gas purification and gas engine Dried and good quality wood chips as fuel Power output 30-40kW, heat output 80-100 kw Five plants in Finland Contact: jarno.haapakoski@volter.fi Source: www.volter.fi
Spanner Re2 (DE) Myötävirtakaasutin, kaasun jäähdytin, pussisuodatin ja vapaasti hengittävä moottori Polttoaineena puuhake, palamainen, vähän hienoainesta ja maksimikosteus 15 % 30 kwe ja 45 kwe versiot 130 laitosta toimitettu (11/2012) ja uusia toimituksia noin 10 kpl/kk
Güssing biomass CHP plant Gussingin demo plant: Fuel capacity 8 MW Power 2 MW Electrical eff. 25 % Thermal eff. 56,3 % Investment 10 M, Share of and EC and national investment support 60 % Development steps: TUW- 10 kw 1993-1996 TUW - 100 kw 1997-2002 Gussing/Demo 2002-2004 Commercial 2004 => Source: TU Vienna, Austria
Gasification CHP Plant, Denmark As result of Carbona s domestic and international R&D cooperation 6 MW POWER 12 MW DISTRICT HEAT BIOMASS GASIFIER TAR REFORMER SKIVE PROCESS DIAGRAM GAS FILTER GAS SCRUBBER 2 BOILERS TO STACK FLY ASH 2x10 MWth DISTRICT HEATING 12 MWth WATER AIR/STEAM GAS BUFFER TANK POWER 3x2 MWe BFB GASIFIER BOTTOM ASH GAS COOLERS 3 GAS ENGINES WOOD PELLETS FLARE 2 GAS BOILERS 3 GAS ENGINES
Waste-to-Energy by Gasification From: Ville Hankalin, Metso Nordic Bioenergy 2011, jyväskylä Realised as an EU-Demonstration project LahtiStreams, where VTT is responsible for supporting R&D activities
Large-scale Power with Integrated Gasification Combined-Cycle - IGCC Pressurised Fluidised-Bed Gasification at 20 bar, 800-950 o C Gas filtration at 350-600 o C Combined Gas Turbine and Steam Turbine Process Developed and demonstrated in 1990 s Electric efficiency 42-48 % Requires large-scale > 50 MW e Best potential for CO 2 reduction Market situation in Finland and Sweden was unfavourable in mid 1990 s - large scale projects were not realised Maybe times will be better for high-efficiency power in a near future? Biomass IGCC Demonstration Plant, Värnamo, Sweden
Biomass IGCC power plant Small CHP plant Power production: 7.4 MWe District heat: 8.5 MJ/s Electric efficiency: 40 % Large IGCC power plant Power production: 116 MWe Electric efficiency: 50 %
Ratkaisuja metsäenergian koko tuotantokäyttöketjuun 10.10.2013 Ilkka Hiltunen 14