Vaisala s New Global L ightning Lightning Dataset GLD360

Vaisala s New Global Lightning Dataset GLD360

Vaisala Global Lightning Dataset GLD360 Page 2 / Oct09 / Holle-SW Hydro / Vaisala

Schedule GLD360 Validation Applications Demonstration Page 3 / Oct09 / Holle-SW Hydro / Vaisala

What is Vaisala Global Lightning Dataset GLD360? Vaisala owned and operated lightning detection network Planet wide coverage Utilizes a revolutionary combined method of both --time-of-arrival (TOA) and --direction finding (DF) to detect cloud-to-ground lightning at extreme distances Page 4 / Oct09 / Holle-SW Hydro / Vaisala

Vaisala Global Lightning Dataset GLD360 Current long-range GLD360 Regional coverage Large day/night differences Variable detection efficiency Global coverage Small day/night differences High detection efficiency Page 5 / Oct09 / Holle-SW Hydro / Vaisala

Vaisala Global Lightning Dataset GLD360 Page 6 / Oct09 / Holle-SW Hydro / Vaisala

July GLD360 coverage Detection ti efficiency i 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 >90 Page 7 / Oct09 / Holle-SW Hydro / Vaisala

Vaisala GLD360 - January 2010 Nearly uniform, global, l high h detection ti efficiency i 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 >90 Page 8 / Oct09 / Holle-SW Hydro / Vaisala

Performance and validation Page 10 / Oct09 / Holle-SW Hydro / Vaisala

Vaisala GLD360 performance results Detection Efficiency: 70% CG with nearly uniform coverage Location Accuracy: 5 to 10 km median stroke location accuracy GLD360 contains peak amplitude (ka) --Unlike any other long-range dataset GLD360 contains polarity (+ or -) --Unlike any other long-range dataset Cloud flash detection efficiency: 5 to 10% Page 11 / Oct09 / Holle-SW Hydro / Vaisala

GLD360 validation Background information Time period: 18 April 18 May 2009 Region: CONUS GLD360 cloud-to-ground d(cg) stroke defined das having a peak current 7 ka Matching Criteria: i GLD360 CG stroke within 200 microseconds and 60 km of NLDN CG stroke 1,406,000 000 matched GLD360 and NLDN CG strokes Page 12 / Oct09 / Holle-SW Hydro / Vaisala

GLD360 validation Median CG flash detection ti DE by time of day 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 efficiency 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 GLD360 CG flash detection 0.1 0 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 Time of day (UTC) Page 13 / Oct09 / Holle-SW Hydro / Vaisala

GLD360 validation Location accuracy 5.9 km median location accuracy 18 April through 17 May, 2009, CONUS, CG strokes frequency Relative 0.01 0.009 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.001 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 NLDN-relative location error (km) 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Cumulativ ve frequency Relative frequency Cumulative frequency Page 14 / Oct09 / Holle-SW Hydro / Vaisala

GLD360 validation CG stroke peak current and polarity 0.98 correlation coefficient between NLDN and GLD360 estimated peak currents 86% of GLD360 CG strokes had correct polarity 200 lute value of GLD360 peak current (ka) Abso 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Absolute value of NLDN peak current (ka) Page 15 / Oct09 / Holle-SW Hydro / Vaisala

Vaisala GLD360 validation Cloud flashes GLD360 cloud defined as having a peak current < 7 ka Evaluated from 18 April 2 May 2009 Cloud flash detection efficiency using Vaisala NLDN as ground truth: 5 to 10% Page 16 / Oct09 / Holle-SW Hydro / Vaisala

Vaisala GLD360 performance results NO other long range lightning network or lightning satellite can provide everything from Vaisala s GLD360 --Satellite doesn t have same scale --GLDN outperforms other ground-based longrange systems by a factor of five for detection efficiency and a factor of two for location accuracy --Peak current and polarity not available with other networks Page 17 / Oct09 / Holle-SW Hydro / Vaisala

Vaisala GLD360 performance results The sun never sets on GLD360 --Minimal difference due to day-night variations Short range networks can t provide this performance at this scale --Vaisala-produced national or large regional networks will continue to provide locally higher performance Page 18 / Oct09 / Holle-SW Hydro / Vaisala

Thunderstorm identification 24 hours of GLD360 Thunderstorm identification Extended range thunderstorm identification Extended range thunderstorm identification Page 20 / Oct09 / Holle-SW Hydro / Vaisala

Lightning vs. convective rainfall The relationship between lightning rate and rainfall intensity is the key to: Use of lightning data in numerical weather prediction models Produce useful proxy products from GLD360 for many applications ----- Pessi, A. and S. Businger, 2008: J. Appl. Meteor. 48, 833 848. Page 21 / Oct09 / Holle-SW Hydro / Vaisala

Radar reflectivity product Lightning- derived reflectivity with airline flight tracks overlaid on IR satellite image Page 22 / Oct09 / Holle-SW Hydro / Vaisala

MaximumSustaine ed Winds (knots) Rita - time series Image courtesy of the National Hurricane Center 1000 950 900 850 800 750 700 650 600 550 500 Steady strengthening Rapid Rita intensification Intensity peak period, inner eyewall collapses at end of period 160 155 150 145 140 135 130 125 120 115 110 105 100 95 90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 40 35 30 25 CGLightn ning Flashes 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 9/18/05 0000 9/18/05 0300 9/18/05 0600 9/18/05 0900 9/18/05 1200 9/18/05 1500 9/18/05 1800 9/18/05 2100 9/19/05 0000 9/19/05 0300 9/19/05 0600 9/19/05 0900 9/19/05 1200 9/19/05 1500 9/19/05 1800 9/19/05 2100 9/20/05 0000 9/20/05 0300 9/20/05 0600 9/20/05 0900 9/20/05 1800 9/20/05 2100 9/21/05 0000 9/21/05 0300 9/21/05 0600 9/21/05 0900 9/21/05 1200 9/21/05 1500 9/21/05 1800 9/21/05 2100 9/22/05 0000 9/22/05 0300 9/22/05 0600 9/22/05 0900 9/22/05 1200 9/22/05 1500 9/22/05 1800 9/22/05 2100 9/23/05 0000 9/23/05 0300 9/23/05 0600 9/23/05 0900 9/23/05 1200 9/23/05 1500 9/23/05 1800 9/23/05 2100 9/24/05 0000 9/24/05 0300 Time (MM/DD/YYYY HH:mm) UTC CG Lightning Flashes Maximum Sustained Winds Large eye, steady weakening until landfall Intensity plateau just beneath hurricane status, inner core trying to organize Page 23 / Oct09 / Holle-SW Hydro / Vaisala

GLD360 demonstration site Page 25 / Oct09 / Holle-SW Hydro / Vaisala

Vaisala GLD360 - January 2010 Nearly uniform, global, l high h detection ti efficiency i 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 >90 Page 28 / Oct09 / Holle-SW Hydro / Vaisala

2010 ILDC/ILMC ILDC 21 st International Lightning Detection Conference ILMC 3 rd International Lightning Meteorology Conference 19-22 April Buena Vista Palace Ol Orlando, Florida www.vaisala.com/ildc Page 29 / Oct09 / Holle-SW Hydro / Vaisala