Englannin perusaikamuodot 1. I study advanced maths. 2. I studied Italian last year. 3. Maryann has studied Chinese for five years. 4. Joe had studied a lot before his military service. 5. He will study physics at the university next year. 1. opiskelen, PREESENS 2. opiskelin, IMPERFEKTI 3. on opiskellut, PERFEKTI 4. oli opiskellut, PLUSKVAMPERFEKTI 5. opiskelee, FUTUURI
Yleispreesens 1.First you press the handle 2.I usually sleep late at weekends. 3.The bus leaves at 8.15 am. 4.Water boils at 100 C. 5. I wake up, eat breakfast, brush my teeth and get dressed. 6. Rovaniemi lies in the north. Ohje tai neuvo Toistuva tapa Aikataulu Yleinen totuus Tapahtumaselostus Pysyvä olotila
Preesensin kieltomuoto ja kysymys I play tennis. You play tennis. He/She plays tennis. I don t play tennis. You don t play tennis. He/she doesn t play tennis. Yleispreesensin kieltomuotoon lisätään apuverbi don t. Yksikön kolmannessa persoonassa apuverbinä on doesn t. I play golf. You play golf. He/she plays golf? Do I play golf? Do you play golf? Does he/she play golf? Kysymys: apuverbi do/does + pääverbin perusmuoto. Apuverbin paikka on ennen subjektia!
Kestopreesens Käyttö 1. The sun is shining. 2. We are staying at aunt Hilda s. 3. I m meeting Ann today. 4. Ted is getting ready to leave in a while. 5. You are always complaining. 6. Ghosts? You are seeing things! tapahtuu parhaillaan väliaikainen tilanne sovittu järjestely lähitulevaisuudessa asteittainen muutos epämiellyttävä tapa aistiharha
Miten kestopreesens muodostetaan? I am knitting a beanie. You are knitting a beanie. He/She is knitting a beanie. We are knitting beanies. You are knitting beanies. They are knitting beanies. Kestopreesens be -verbi ja pääverbin -ing-muoto am / are / is + -ing
Kestopreesensin kieltomuoto ja kysymys? I am knitting mittens. You are knitting mittens. He/She is knitting mittens. I am not knitting mittens. You aren t knitting mittens. He/she isn t knitting mittens. am/are/is + not + pääverbin -ing-muoto am/are/is Kysymys I am knitting socks. We are knitting socks. He/she is knitting socks. Am I knitting socks? Are we knitting socks? Is he/she knitting socks + SUBJEKTI + pääverbin -ing-muoto voi alkaa myös kysymyssanalla: Why are you knitting woolly socks?
1. I visited my grandmother last week. 2. The guest came in, took off his shoes and sat down. Yleisimperfekti Käyttö tapahtuma tiettynä, tarkkana ajankohtana menneisyydessä tapahtumaketjun kuvaus menneisyydessä 3. Mozart was only 35 years old when he died. 4. When I was a child we used to travel a lot. varmasti menneisyydessä päättyneet tapahtumat toistuvat tavat menneisyydessä 5. Ouch! I broke a nail! mennyt tapahtuma, joka ei ole kestoltaan pitkä
Yleisimperfekti Yleisimperfekti muodostetaan lisäämällä pääverbiin pääte -ed. walk walked play played Epäsäännölliset imperfektimuodot on opiskeltava ulkoa. write wrote sing sang Kieltomuoto: didn t + pääverbin perusmuoto I did not make a mistake. We didn t make any speeches. Kysymys: did + SUBJEKTI + pääverbin perusmuoto Did I hear correctly? Did we get much done? Did you say something? Did you stay up late?
Kestoimperfekti Käyttö 1. I was studying French the whole day yesterday. 2. At 9 pm, we were still out gardening. 3. While we were picnicking, the storm broke out. 4. You were living in Paris for a year, weren t you? 5. Grandpa was always telling us jokes to cheer us up. kuvaa tekemisen jatkumista ja pitkää kestoa kuvaa tekemisen olleen vielä kesken kuvaa pidempikestoisen tekemisen keskeytymistä lyhytkestoisella tapahtumalla korostaa tekemisen väliaikaisuutta kuvaa toistuvasti tapahtunutta tekemistä (usein sana always)
Kestoimperfekti Muodostus Väite Kielto Kysymys I was sitting here. I was not sitting here. Was I sitting here? You were sitting there. He/She/It was sitting here. We were sitting there. You were sitting here. They were sitting there. You weren t sitting there. He/She/It wasn t sitting here We weren t sitting there. You weren t sitting here. They weren t sitting there. Were you sitting there? Was he/she/it sitting here? Were we sitting there? Were you sitting here? Were they sitting there?
Kaksi perfektiä Yleisperfekti He has read this book many times. Kestoperfekti He has been reading this book for a week now. I have polished my shoes. Look how they shine! I have been polishing my shoes but they still don t shine. We have studied Italian and Spanish. We have been studying French for some time now.
Perfekti Yleisperfekti kuvaa tapahtumaa, joka on hiljattain päättynyt tai jolla on selvä yhteys nykyhetkeen. He has read this book many times. Kestoperfekti kuvaa pidempikestoista tapahtumaa. Sen tekeminen on vielä käynnissä tai on jäänyt kesken. He has been reading this book for a week now.
Yleisperfektin kielto ja kysymys Yleisperfektin kieltomuoto: have not / has not + pääverbin 3. muoto I have not / haven t cleaned my room. School has not / hasn t started yet. Yleisperfektin kysymys muodostetaan have / has + SUBJEKTI + pääverbin 3. muoto Has Jenny locked the door? Have you ever been to North Korea?
Kestoperfekti, muodostus Kestoperfekti: have been / has been ja pääverbin -ing-muoto Nora has been sitting by the window for a while now. She has been looking out the whole time. Kielto: Kysymys: have not been / has not been + pääverbin -ing-muoto I have not been working a lot lately. You haven t been reading books recently. have/has + SUBJEKTI + been + pääverbin -ing-muoto Kysymyksen alussa voi olla myös kysymyssana Has Miriam been exercising at the gym today?
Pluskvamperfekti Yleispluskvamperfektissä päähuomio on itse tekemisessä, ei tekemisen kestossa. Jane had finished her work when her parents got home. She had already eaten. Kestopluskvamperfekti korostaa tapahtuman kulkua tai tekemisen kestoa. Jane had been finishing her work while she was waiting for her parents. She had been eating chocolate while working.
Yleispluskvamperfektin muodostus Yleispluskvamperfekti: apuverbi had ja pääverbin 3. muodolla (säännöllisillä verbeillä pääte -ed) I had walked a mile before I got to the station. Why had you called Jenny before you called me? Lucy hadn t played badminton in a while. Lyhennetyn muodon d käyttö on yleistä.
Yleispluskvamperfektin kielto ja kysymys Yleispluskvamperfektin kielteinen muoto: had not / hadn t + pääverbin 3. muoto I had had not out very long before the rain started. We lost the match because we hadn t trained enough. Yleispluskvamperfektin kysymys: had + SUBJEKTI + pääverbin 3. muoto Why hadn t Jenny locked the door before she left? Had you ever tasted kimchi before you had it now?
Kestopluskvamperfekti Kestopluskvamperfekti muodostetaan: had been + pääverbin -ing-muoto I had been walking for hours before I finally got back home. Why had you been talking to the others before you talked to me? Kestopluskvamperfektin kieltomuoto muodostetaan had not been / hadn t been + pääverbin -ing-muoto I hadn t been feeling well so I didn t go out in the evening. Kestopluskvamperfektin kysymys muodostetaan: had + SUBJEKTI + been + pääverbin -ing-muoto Hadn t he been looking for work for ages before he got the job?