Lähes nollaenergiarakentamiseen sopivat LVI -laitteet ja -järjestelmät. Miimu Airaksinen ja Pekka Tuomaala VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland

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1 Lähes nollaenergiarakentamiseen sopivat LVI -laitteet ja -järjestelmät Miimu Airaksinen ja Pekka Tuomaala VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland FinnBuild

2 Click Drivers to for edit change Master title style Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level 02/10/2014 2

3 Making sense of innovations Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Societally Desirable 02/10/2014 3

4 Rakennusten Click to edit energiatehokkuuden Master title style parantaminen ja tähän liittyvät lisäinvestointikustannukset Kokonaisenergia Uusiutuva nettoenergia Click to edit Master text styles Energiantarve Second level Third level 100 Fourth level Fifth level Indeksit Investointikustannukset Normirakennus Matalaenergia Passiivitalo Nollaenergia Energiapositiivinen Suomen lait ja asetukset Energiamääräykset 2008 Energiamääräykset 2010 (- 30%) Energiamääräykset 2012 (-15%, energiamuodon kerroin) Energiamääräykset 2015 (syöttötariffit?) Rakennusten energiatehokkuusdirektiivin tiukennukset 2019 (?) 02/10/2014 4

5 Käyttö vs mitoitus: Lämmityksen energian tarve pienenee Click to voimakkaammin edit Master title kuin style tehon tarve Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level 02/10/ Lähde: Airaksinen, Vuolle 2012

6 Energian tarve Click Miten to kiinteistö- edit Master ja title rakennusala style muuttuu? Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level 1. Energiatehokkuuden parantaminen Integroitu suunnittelu Materiaali- ja rakennustuotevalikoiman hallinta Laadukas toteutus Ylläpito NYT Ympäristömyönteinen energiahuolto Uusiutuvat energialähteet Energian varastointi Lokaali energiakauppa Syöttötariffit Aitoa lisäarvoa tuottavat verkostoituneet toimintamallit tulevat korostumaan 02/10/2014 6

7 Future energy networks Click to edit Master title style Central and decentralized energy production Integration Click to edit of Master local and text styles global Second solutions level Third level Buildings and Fourth mobility level Fifth level system are active part of energy network Energy network management Energy storages and smart energy networks Changing value chains European Technology Platform Smartgrid /10/2014 7

8 Smart Click to energy edit Master networks title style research integration VTT Apros integrating many sub tools Multi objective modelling Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level VTT Innovation program Ingrid 02/10/2014 8

9 Example: Heat pump or solar thermal integration Energy consumption dynamics: District heat network: Solar energy production: Matching production and consumption: * buildings and residents * impacts of building retrofits and master plan * buffer storage capacity using pressure and temperature controls * building integrated vs single field * weather and solar radiation variations * overproduction feed-in vs storage solutions * chp solutions Heating consumption of district s buildings Solar thermal field production Hot water consumption 02/10/2014 9

10 100 % % Zero energy design challenges related to solar applications heating dominated climate solar potential energy load annual cycle cooling dominated climate solar potential Optimization of yearly demand and supply Energy efficiency reduces mismatch Other means Energy storages Orientation (PV): Supply responses demand more efficiently 100 % residential building energy load 25 0 annual cycle 0 daily cycle 10

11 Energiatehokkuus ja energiaratkaisut Renewable energy systems PV panels: 14 kw Terminal devices with heaters according to heat source Solar collectors: vacuum tube collectors Duct heater Ground heat exchanger with liquid according to heat circulation source Energy supplied to underground garage Cold air Heat recovery Cold air High energy benefit Air quality in the long-term? Fresh air pre-heating with subsoil heat exchanger Fresh air pre-heating with ground source heat 02/10/

12 Online forecasting of building energy consumption Forecasting is based on open weather data or forecast data by Finnish Meterology Institute (FMI) Web service based solution (no user interface is needed, easy integration with other applications) 02/10/

13 Examples of net zero and nearly zero energy buildings in Finland Net zero energy buildings: Järvenpää: Apartment house 2124 m 2 Kuopio: Apartment house 2124 m 2 Mäntyharju: Single-family house 154 m 2 Hyvinkää: Single-family house (design phase) Mäntyharju: Demo house (Aalto University) 50 m 2 Nearly zero energy buildings: Pietarsaari: Single-family house 165 m 2 Lahti: Elderly service centre m 2 (design phase) Net zero and nearly zero energy buildings Passive buildings 13

14 Net zero energy house, Mäntyharju Systems integration, building system Ground source heat pump heating Low-temperature floor heating Solar collectors for hot water heating (50 %) Water saving fixtures (25 % savings) Lighting: LED (30 50 % savings) Shading / blinds Ventilation pre-heating/cooling Energy classified household appliances Energy demand 7000 kwh = 45 kwh/m 2 Solar collectors 5 m 2 PV panels 8 kw p 02/10/

15 IEA5-Solar House Ground source heat pump Solar thermal PV Quality Professional use High insulation level Pietarsaari 1993 Tavallinen 2011 Component U-value [W/m 2 K] Wall 0,12 0,17 Roof 0,09 0,09 Floor 0,1 0,16 Door 0,4 1,0 Window 0,7 1,0 15

16 Nearly zero energy house Pietarsaari 1993: Energy demand 98 kwh/m 2 Purchased energy 48 kwh/m 2 Technical development: PV: Present system 2 kw p Planned renewal ~8 kw p Ground source heat pump: Original: COP 2,4 New: COP 3,5... 4,0 (45 o C, back-up for hot water) Pietarsaari 2011: Purchased energy kwh/m 2 Pietarsaari 2012: Purchased energy kwh/m 2 16

17 Forecasting and managing energy storage at district level Scientific publication ongoing in collaboration with Chinese university partners The objective of this study is to develop a methodology for predicting energy storage needs at neighbourhood level. The target is to develop data analytics and predicting methods to support renewable-based energy management at district level. Solar and wind production forecast Building energy consumption forecast Energy storage + = forecast 02/10/

18 Accepted additional investment cost up to 10% Up to 20% of the cost of a standard house 7 % What is maximum extra investment cost that you would accept in order to build a low energy house? Over 20% of the cost of a standard house 3 % No extra investment 6 % Up to 15% of the cost of a standard house 10 % Up to 5% of the cost of a standard house 34 % Up to 10% of the cost of a standard house 41 % IEE NorthPass/VTT 02/10/2014 n =

19 Progress monitoring Click to edit Master title style Smart City Key Performance Indicators Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level 02/10/

20 Performance measurements and visualisations 02/10/

21 Digitalo rooms, IEQ index 02/10/

22 Understanding user preferences Human thermal model to estimate better thermal comfort and to crease demand based control of temperatures Human behavior patters to forecast building energy demand 02/10/

23 Yhteenveto Energiatehokkuuteen liittyvät määräykset tulevat ilmeisesti edelleen tiukkenemaan suunnittelun ja mitoituksen haasteet lisääntyvät rakennusten integraatio energiaverkkoihin Taloudellisuusnäkökulmat korostuvat lähitulevaisuudessa elinkaarikustannusten optimointi (investointi- ja käyttökustannukset) Tilojen loppukäyttäjien vaatimustaso on kasvussa (ikääntyminen etc) hyvän sisäympäristön laadun hyötyjen osoittaminen (+10%; +10%; +5%) todellisten tarpeiden tunnistaminen (ilman laatu sekä lämpö-, valaistusja ääniolosuhteet) sisäolosuhdepalvelut (?) 02/10/

24 Click to edit Master title style Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level TECHNOLOGY FOR BUSINESS 24