FSD1011. Finnish Voter Barometer Codebook

FSD1011 Finnish Voter Barometer 1983 Codebook FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE

c Finnish Social Science Data Archive, 2000 The bibliographic citation for this codebook: Finnish Voter Barometer 1983 [codebook]. Tampere : Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], 2014. This codebook has been generated from the version 1.1 (9.7.2004) of the data. Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised. Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN-33014 University of Tampere FSD User Services: asiakaspalvelu.fsd@uta.fi +358 40 190 1442 Aila Data Service Portal: https://services.fsd.uta.fi/ Finnish Social Science Data Archive http://www.fsd.uta.fi/en/ Typeset by L A TEX $ Koodikirjoitin.py v28 @ 2014-10-10 08:54:01.547000 $

To the reader This codebook is part of the data FSD1011 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive). The source must be acknowledged in any publication based wholly or in part on the data. The bibliographic citation may be in the form required by the publication, or in the form suggested by the archive. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive: Finnish Voter Barometer 1983 [computer file]. FSD1011, version 1.1 (2004-07- 09). Gallup Finland [data collection], 1983. University of Helsinki, Department of Political Science & Gallup Finland [producers]. Tampere: Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor], 2004. The depositor and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the secondary use of the data. The archive must be informed of all publications where the data have been used. The beginning of the codebook contains information on data content, structure and collection, and includes a list of publications where the data have been used. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Distribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percents (%), and valid percents (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a respondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data the user has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives don t want to say or can t say ) as missing data. This codebook has been produced automatically with Python, L A TEXand dvipdfm software. Source files include data description files in DDI format, and SPSS files.

Contents 1 Study description 1 1.1 Titles....................................... 1 1.2 Subject description................................ 1 1.3 Structure and collection of the data........................ 3 1.4 Use of data.................................... 3 2 Variables 7 3 Indexes 45 3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence....................... 45 3.2 Variables in alphabetical order.......................... 49 A Abbreviations of Finnish Political Parties 53 B naire in Finnish 55 i

Chapter 1 Study description 1.1 Titles Title of the study: Finnish Voter Barometer 1983 Title of the study in Finnish: Puolueiden ajankohtaistutkimus 1983 This codebook has been generated from the version 1.1 (9.7.2004) of the data. Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised. 1.2 Subject description Other material naire: pdf file in Finnish Authoring entity Gallup Finland Department of Political Science (University of Helsinki) Institutions mentioned in the general description of the survey series Copyright statement for the data According to an agreement between FSD and the depositor Depositor Gallup Finland 1

1. Study description Date of deposit 10.5.1999 Keywords elections; municipal elections; parliamentary elections; party allegiance; political attitudes; political behaviour; presidential elections; social conflict; voting Topic Classification Classification by FSD vocabulary: political studies Classification by CESSDA vocabulary: mass political behaviour, attitudes/opinion Series description The data belong to the series: Finnish Voter Barometers The Finnish Voter Barometer surveys are commissioned by the major parties in the Parliament. In election years, other sponsors have also been involved. Up till 1988, the surveys were planned by Gallup Finland (TNS Gallup Ltd) and the Department of Political and Economic Studies at the University of Helsinki, in collaboration with the political parties. After 1988, the planning has been in the hands of Gallup Finland and the parties. From 1973 to 1990, the annual voter barometers were collected mainly with face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires, 1000-2000 interviews/barometer. Since 1991, the data have been collected with GallupChannel (PC s installed in respondents homes). No surveys were conducted in 1985 and 1989. Survey themes include voting behaviour, opinions on the government and the parties, and attitudes towards national political issues. In addition, respondents economic expectations and political participation have often been studied, as well as their opinions on local politics, and the significance of the party leader to a party. Background variables have often included the social class of the respondent and the household head, economic activity of the household head, respondent s education, age, mother tongue, gender, party membership, political views, trade union membership, and family s annual income. There are also regional variables. Even though the variables are not always fully comparable from one survey to another, all kinds of comparisons over time are possible. The FSD collections cover data from 1973. Abstract The data were collected in two rounds. In the first round, before the 1983 parliamentary elections, the respondents were asked how they had voted in the 1982 presidential elections and 2

1.3. Structure and collection of the data in the 1980 municipal elections, and how they were going to vote in the forthcoming parliamentary elections. In the second round, after the elections, the respondents were asked whether they voted or not, when they voted and how interested they were in politics. Several questions focused on the respondent s party loyalty and choice of candidate. In addition, the respondents were asked what they regarded as the most important goals of political activity, and whether they had been involved in the work of various organisations. The respondents assessed different parties, and conflicts of interests between various groups in society. Background variables included the respondents gender, education, occupation, age, year of birth, number of school-age children, household income, occupation of the head of the household, type of municipality of residence, and province of residence. 1.3 Structure and collection of the data Country: Finland Geographic coverage: Finland Unit of analysis: Individual Universe: Finnish population aged 18 or over, excluding the Åland Islands Collection date: February 1983 1983 Data collector: Gallup Finland (Suomen Gallup) Data producer: Gallup Finland; University of Helsinki. Department of Political Science Mode of data collection: Face-to-face interview Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire Time period covered: 1983 Time method of the data collection: Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section Number of variables and cases: The data contain 81 variables and 1098 cases. Sampling procedure: - 1.4 Use of data Related publications Bengtsson, Åsa (2012). Väljarnas kandidatval: rörlighet och motiv. Teoksessa: Muutosvaalit 2011 (toim. Borg, Sami), 139-155. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu; OMSO 16/2012. Helsinki: Edita. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:978-952-259-172-2. Borg, Sami (2006). Käsitykset kansalaisuudesta ja omista vaikuttamismahdollisuuksista. Teoksessa: Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (toim. Sami Borg), 115-127. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1. Borg, Sami & Ruostetsaari, Ilkka (2002). Suuret ikäluokat ja valta. Hyvinvointikatsaus 1/2002, 51-58. 3

1. Study description Grönlund, Kimmo & Paloheimo, Heikki & Sundberg, Jan & Sänkiaho, Risto & Wass, Hanna (2005). Kiinnittyminen politiikkaan. Teoksessa: Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa (toim. Heikki Paloheimo), 88-118. Helsinki: WSOY. Grönlund, Kimmo & Paloheimo, Heikki & Wass, Hanna (2005). Äänestysosallistuminen. Teoksessa: Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa (toim. Heikki Paloheimo), 119-146. Helsinki: WSOY. Karvonen, Lauri (2014). Parties, Governments and Voters in Finland. Politics under Fundamental Societal Transformation. Colchester. ECPR Press Meyer, Thomas (2010). Party competition over time. How voters and intra-party structure constrain party policy shifts. Mannheim: MADOC. urn:nbn:de:bsz:180-madoc-29386 Paloheimo, Heikki (2003). Miten äänestäjät valitsevat puolueen? Politiikka 45(3), 175-193. Paloheimo, Heikki (2005). Puoluevalinnan tilannetekijät. Teoksessa: Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa (toim. Heikki Paloheimo), 202-228. Helsinki: WSOY. Paloheimo, Heikki (2005). Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa. Helsinki: WSOY. Paloheimo, Heikki (2006). Asenteet poliittisia instituutioita ja toimijoita kohtaan. Teoksessa: Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (toim. Sami Borg), 128-153. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1. Paloheimo, Heikki & Sundberg, Jan (2005). Puoluevalinnan perusteet. Teoksessa: Vaalit ja demokratia Suomessa (toim. Heikki Paloheimo), 169-201. Helsinki: WSOY. Siitonen, Mikko (2007). Äänestääkö vai ei? Äänestysaktiivisuus vuosien 1979, 1991 ja 2003 eduskuntavaaleissa. Turku: Turun yliopisto. Valtio-opin pro gradu -tutkielma. Suomen demokratiaindikaattorit (2006). Toim. Sami Borg. Helsinki: Oikeusministeriö. Oikeusministeriön julkaisu 2006:1. Wass, Hanna (2007). The effects of age, generation and period on turnout in Finland 1975-2003. Electoral Studies 26(3), 648-659. Wass, Hanna (2007). The effects of age, generation and period on turnout in Finland 1975-2003. Electoral Studies 26(3), 648-659. Wass, Hanna (2008). Generations and turnout: Generational effect in electoral participation in Finland. Helsinki: University of Helsinki. Department of Political Science. Acta Politica 35. Updated list of publications in the study description at http://www.fsd.uta.fi/english/data/catalogue/fsd1011/ Location of the data collection Finnish Social Science Data Archive Weighting There are no weight variables in the data. 4

1.4. Use of data Restrictions The dataset is available for research, teaching and study. 5

Chapter 2 Variables [FSD_NO] Archival number (added by FSD) Archival number (added by FSD) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1098 minimum 1011.00 maximum 1011.00 mean 1011.00 standard deviation 0.00 [FSD_VR] Archival version (added by FSD) Archival version (added by FSD) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1098 minimum 1.10 maximum 1.10 mean 1.10 standard deviation 0.00 7

2. Variables [FSD_PRO] FSD processing level Detailed and specific data description in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, filter variables, variable and value labels, and missing values are checked. If necessary, the data are anonymised. A (see codebook) 1 B (see codebook) 2 0 0.0 0.0 C (data hasn t been checked at FSD) 3 0 0.0 0.0 [FSD_ID] Case id (added by FSD) Case id (added by FSD) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1098 minimum 1.00 maximum 1098.00 mean 549.50 standard deviation 317.11 [TAUSTA1] Respondent s occupational status Respondent s occupational status Farmer 1 63 5.7 5.7 (continued on next page) 8

TAUSTA3 (cont. from previous page) Unskilled worker 2 127 11.6 11.6 Skilled worker 3 247 22.5 22.5 Intermediate level or professional employee 4 269 24.5 24.5 Managerial position 5 74 6.7 6.7 Pupil at school 6 5 0.5 0.5 Student 7 75 6.8 6.8 Pensioner 8 157 14.3 14.3 Housewife 9 50 4.6 4.6 Farmer s wife 10 31 2.8 2.8 [TAUSTA2] Occupational status of the head of the household (if retired, former occupation) Occupational status of the head of the household (if retired, former occupation) Farmer 1 136 12.4 12.4 Unskilled worker 2 65 5.9 5.9 Skilled worker 3 417 38.0 38.0 Intermediate level or professional employee 4 351 32.0 32.0 Managerial position 5 127 11.6 11.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 2 0.2 [TAUSTA3] Respondent s education Respondent s education Primary education 1 507 46.2 46.3 (continued on next page) 9

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Lower secondary education 2 330 30.1 30.2 Upper secondary education (matriculation exam), 3 186 16.9 17.0 college Academic degree 4 71 6.5 6.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 4 0.4 [TAUSTA4] Respondent s age Respondent s age 18-19 years 1 40 3.6 3.6 20-24 years 2 105 9.6 9.6 25-29 years 3 116 10.6 10.6 30-34 years 4 143 13.0 13.0 35-39 years 5 121 11.0 11.0 40-49 years 6 155 14.1 14.1 50-64 years 7 259 23.6 23.6 Over 65 years 8 157 14.3 14.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 2 0.2 [TAUSTA5] Respondent s year of birth Respondent s year of birth Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1079 minimum 1894.00 maximum 1968.00 (continued on next page) 10

TAUSTA7 (cont. from previous page) statistic value mean 1938.47 standard deviation 16.65 [TAUSTA6] Are there children aged 7-16 years in your family? Are there children aged 7-16 years in your family? Yes 1 325 29.6 30.1 No 2 756 68.9 69.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 17 1.5 [TAUSTA7] Annual gross income of the household Annual gross income of the household < 12 000 marks 1 27 2.5 2.5 12 001-24 000 marks 2 69 6.3 6.4 24 001-36 000 marks 3 116 10.6 10.8 36 001-48 000 marks 4 156 14.2 14.5 48 001-72 000 marks 5 214 19.5 19.9 72 001-96 000 marks 6 212 19.3 19.7 96 001-120 000 marks 7 135 12.3 12.6 > 120 000 marks 8 146 13.3 13.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 23 2.1 11

2. Variables [TAUSTA8] Respondent s gender Respondent s gender Female 1 602 54.8 55.0 Male 2 493 44.9 45.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 3 0.3 [TAUSTA9] Respondent s place of residence Respondent s place of residence Helsinki 1 91 8.3 8.3 Espoo, Kauniainen 2 28 2.6 2.6 Vantaa, Kerava 3 37 3.4 3.4 Turku 4 44 4.0 4.0 Tampere 5 50 4.6 4.6 Other town 6 397 36.2 36.3 Population centre in a rural area 7 272 24.8 24.8 Sparsely populated rural area 8 176 16.0 16.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 3 0.3 [TAUSTA10] Respondent s province of residence Respondent s province of residence 12

FQ1 Uusimaa 1 209 19.0 19.1 Turku and Pori 2 193 17.6 17.7 Häme 3 179 16.3 16.4 Kymi 4 88 8.0 8.1 Mikkeli 5 51 4.6 4.7 Kuopio 6 56 5.1 5.1 Keski-Suomi 7 40 3.6 3.7 Vaasa 8 101 9.2 9.2 Pohjois-Karjala 9 61 5.6 5.6 Oulu 10 87 7.9 8.0 Lappi 11 27 2.5 2.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 6 0.5 [FQ1] Which party did you vote for in the 1982 presidential election, when the electoral college was chosen? Which party did you vote for in the 1982 presidential election, when the electoral college was chosen? National Coalition Party (KOK) 1 179 16.3 16.6 Center Party of Finland (KESK) 2 156 14.2 14.5 Liberal Party (LKP) 3 15 1.4 1.4 Constitutional Party of Finland (POP) 4 0 0.0 0.0 Swedish People s Party in Finland (RKP) 5 35 3.2 3.2 Democratic League of the People of Finland (SKDL) 6 85 7.7 7.9 Unification Party of the Finnish People (SKYP) 7 2 0.2 0.2 Christian League of Finland (SKL) 8 21 1.9 1.9 Finnish Rural Party (SMP) 9 22 2.0 2.0 Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) 10 396 36.1 36.7 Did not vote 11 80 7.3 7.4 Can t remember 12 26 2.4 2.4 Cannot/do not want to say 13 61 5.6 5.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 20 1.8 13

2. Variables [FQ2] Which party did you vote for in the 1980 municipal (local) elections? Which party did you vote for in the 1980 municipal (local) elections? National Coalition Party (KOK) 1 197 17.9 18.3 Center Party of Finland (KESK) 2 148 13.5 13.7 Liberal Party (LKP) 3 24 2.2 2.2 Constitutional Party of Finland (POP) 4 3 0.3 0.3 Swedish People s Party in Finland (RKP) 5 45 4.1 4.2 Democratic League of the People of Finland (SKDL) 6 95 8.7 8.8 Unification Party of the Finnish People (SKYP) 7 2 0.2 0.2 Christian League of Finland (SKL) 8 22 2.0 2.0 Finnish Rural Party (SMP) 9 25 2.3 2.3 Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) 10 303 27.6 28.1 Did not vote 11 109 9.9 10.1 Can t remember 12 38 3.5 3.5 Cannot/do not want to say 13 67 6.1 6.2 System missing (SYSMIS). 20 1.8 [FQ3] How likely is it that you will vote in the next parliamentary elections in March 1983? How likely is it that you will vote in the next parliamentary elections in March 1983? Definitely going to vote 1 780 71.0 74.1 Probably going to vote 2 193 17.6 18.3 Probably not going to vote 3 38 3.5 3.6 Definitely not going to vote 4 42 3.8 4.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 45 4.1 14

FQ5 [FQ4] If Finnish parliamentary elections were held now, the candidate of which party would you vote for? If Finnish parliamentary elections were held now, the candidate of which party would you vote for? National Coalition Party (KOK) 1 241 21.9 22.4 Center Party of Finland (KESK) 2 157 14.3 14.6 Liberal Party (LKP) 3 4 0.4 0.4 Constitutional Party of Finland (POP) 4 0 0.0 0.0 Swedish People s Party in Finland (RKP) 5 40 3.6 3.7 Democratic League of the People of Finland (SKDL) 6 82 7.5 7.6 Unification Party of the Finnish People (SKYP) 7 1 0.1 0.1 Christian League of Finland (SKL) 8 18 1.6 1.7 Finnish Rural Party (SMP) 9 45 4.1 4.2 Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) 10 310 28.2 28.8 Other constituency association 11 9 0.8 0.8 Would not vote 12 28 2.6 2.6 Cannot/do not want to say 13 143 13.0 13.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 20 1.8 [FQ5] If the parliamentary elections were held now, which party would you vote for as your second preference? If the parliamentary elections were held now, which party would you vote for as your second preference? National Coalition Party (KOK) 1 82 7.5 10.8 Center Party of Finland (KESK) 2 85 7.7 11.2 Liberal Party (LKP) 3 33 3.0 4.4 Constitutional Party of Finland (POP) 4 7 0.6 0.9 (continued on next page) 15

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Swedish People s Party in Finland (RKP) 5 31 2.8 4.1 Democratic League of the People of Finland (SKDL) 6 36 3.3 4.7 Unification Party of the Finnish People (SKYP) 7 1 0.1 0.1 Christian League of Finland (SKL) 8 26 2.4 3.4 Finnish Rural Party (SMP) 9 38 3.5 5.0 Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) 10 78 7.1 10.3 Other constituency association 11 17 1.5 2.2 Would not vote 12 204 18.6 26.9 Cannot/do not want to say 13 120 10.9 15.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 340 31.0 [Q1] Did you vote in the Finnish parliamentary elections in March 1983? Did you vote in the Finnish parliamentary elections in March 1983? Yes 1 993 90.4 90.7 No 2 102 9.3 9.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 3 0.3 [Q2_2] (IF DID NOT VOTE IN 1983) When did you decide not to vote? (IF DID NOT VOTE IN 1983) When did you decide not to vote? Considered voting as late as on the election day 1 33 3.0 32.4 Decided not to vote on the election week 2 15 1.4 14.7 Decided not to vote couple of weeks before the election 3 8 0.7 7.8 (continued on next page) 16

Q3_2 (cont. from previous page) Had decided berofehand not to vote 4 36 3.3 35.3 Can t say 5 10 0.9 9.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 996 90.7 [Q3_1] (IF DID NOT VOTE IN 1983) Did you vote in the 1982 presidential election, when the electoral college was chosen? (IF DID NOT VOTE IN 1983) Did you vote in the 1982 presidential election, when the electoral college was chosen? Voted 1 61 5.6 59.8 Didn t vote 2 33 3.0 32.4 Didn t have the right to vote 3 3 0.3 2.9 Can t remember 4 5 0.5 4.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 996 90.7 [Q3_2] (IF DID NOT VOTE IN 1983) Did you vote in the 1980 municipal (local) elections? (IF DID NOT VOTE IN 1983) Did you vote in the 1980 municipal (local) elections? Voted 1 48 4.4 47.1 Didn t vote 2 35 3.2 34.3 Didn t have the right to vote 3 9 0.8 8.8 Can t remember 4 10 0.9 9.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 996 90.7 17

2. Variables [Q4] Respondent s own interest in politics Respondent s own interest in politics Very interested 1 78 7.1 7.1 Somewhat interested 2 432 39.3 39.3 Not very interested 3 455 41.4 41.4 Not at all interested 4 129 11.7 11.7 Can t say 5 4 0.4 0.4 [Q5] (IF VOTED IN 1983) When did you vote in the parliamentary elections? (IF VOTED IN 1983) When did you vote in the parliamentary elections? On the first election day, on Sunday 1 627 57.1 63.1 On the second election day, on Monday 2 262 23.9 26.4 Early voting at post office 3 weeks before the election 3 17 1.5 1.7 Early voting at post office 2 weeks before the election 4 36 3.3 3.6 Early voting at post office one week before the election 5 43 3.9 4.3 Can t remember 6 8 0.7 0.8 System missing (SYSMIS). 105 9.6 [Q6] How many parties did you take into serious consideration when choosing the candidate? How many parties did you take into serious consideration when choosing the candidate? 18

Q8 Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 963 minimum 1.00 maximum 9.00 mean 1.31 standard deviation 0.61 [Q7] (IF VOTED IN 1983) When did you make the final decision which party to vote for? (IF VOTED IN 1983) When did you make the final decision which party to vote for? On the election day 1 78 7.1 7.9 A few days before the election 2 93 8.5 9.4 About a week before the election 3 45 4.1 4.5 A couple of weeks before the election 4 54 4.9 5.4 Earlier than 2 weeks before, during election campaign 5 83 7.6 8.4 Before the election campaign started 6 620 56.5 62.4 Can t say 7 20 1.8 2.0 System missing (SYSMIS). 105 9.6 [Q8] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Have you voted for the same party before? (IF VOTED IN 1983) Have you voted for the same party before? Yes, in all elections 1 665 60.6 69.7 Yes, in the 1982 presidential election 2 82 7.5 8.6 Yes, prior to the 1982 presidential election 3 99 9.0 10.4 Have not voted for this party before 4 108 9.8 11.3 (continued on next page) 19

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) System missing (SYSMIS). 144 13.1 [Q9] Altogether, how many different parties have you voted for in general elections? Altogether, how many different parties have you voted for in general elections? One party, always the same 1 595 54.2 60.8 Two parties 2 291 26.5 29.7 Three parties 3 74 6.7 7.6 Four parties 4 17 1.5 1.7 Five parties 5 0 0.0 0.0 Six parties 6 2 0.2 0.2 System missing (SYSMIS). 119 10.8 [Q10] (IF VOTED IN 1983) At what stage did you make the final decision which candidate to vote for? (IF VOTED IN 1983) At what stage did you make the final decision which candidate to vote for? On the election day 1 146 13.3 14.7 A few days before the election 2 144 13.1 14.5 About a week before the election 3 86 7.8 8.7 A couple of weeks before the election 4 120 10.9 12.1 Earlier than 2 weeks before, during election campaign 5 151 13.8 15.2 Before the election campaign started 6 337 30.7 33.9 Can t say 7 9 0.8 0.9 (continued on next page) 20

Q12 (cont. from previous page) System missing (SYSMIS). 105 9.6 [Q11] (IF VOTED IN 1983) How many candidates did you take into consideration when deciding who to vote for? (IF VOTED IN 1983) How many candidates did you take into consideration when deciding who to vote for? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 988 minimum 1.00 maximum 9.00 mean 1.78 standard deviation 0.94 [Q12] (IF VOTED AND CONSIDERED MORE THAN ONE CANDIDATE) Did the candidates you considered voting for represent the same party? (IF VOTED AND CONSIDERED MORE THAN ONE CANDIDATE) Did the candidates you considered voting for represent the same party? All candidates represented the same party 1 401 36.5 73.0 Candidates represented several different parties 2 142 12.9 25.9 Can t remember 3 1 0.1 0.2 No answer 4 5 0.5 0.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 549 50.0 21

2. Variables [Q13] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Have you voted for the same candidate before? (IF VOTED IN 1983) Have you voted for the same candidate before? Yes 1 447 40.7 45.0 No 2 535 48.7 53.9 Can t remember 3 11 1.0 1.1 System missing (SYSMIS). 105 9.6 [Q14] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the candidate you voted for get elected to the parliament? (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the candidate you voted for get elected to the parliament? Yes 1 608 55.4 61.2 No 2 372 33.9 37.5 Don t know 3 13 1.2 1.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 105 9.6 [Q15] (IF VOTED IN 1983) How certain were you that your candidate would get elected? (IF VOTED IN 1983) How certain were you that your candidate would get elected? 22

Q17 Was certain the candidate would get elected 1 275 25.0 27.7 Considered it likely 2 349 31.8 35.1 Considered it possible 3 251 22.9 25.3 Considered it unlikely 4 72 6.6 7.3 Was certain the candidate would not get elected 5 20 1.8 2.0 Didn t give it a thought 6 24 2.2 2.4 Can t say 7 2 0.2 0.2 System missing (SYSMIS). 105 9.6 [Q16] (IF VOTED IN 1983) When you voted, was the fact the candidate represents a certain party more important than the personal characteristics of the candidate? (IF VOTED IN 1983) When you voted, was the fact the candidate represents a certain party more important than the personal characteristics of the candidate? The party is more important 1 513 46.7 51.7 The personal characteristics of the candidate are more 2 417 38.0 42.0 important Can t say 3 63 5.7 6.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 105 9.6 [Q17] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Would you have voted for the same candidate if he had represented another, politically close party? (IF VOTED IN 1983) Would you have voted for the same candidate if he had represented another, politically close party? Definitely would have 1 98 8.9 9.9 (continued on next page) 23

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Probably would have 2 264 24.0 26.6 Probably would not have 3 208 18.9 20.9 Definitely would not have 4 387 35.2 39.0 Can t say 5 36 3.3 3.6 System missing (SYSMIS). 105 9.6 [Q18_1] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Considering the parliamentary elections, which information source provided the most relevant information for your voting choice? (IF VOTED IN 1983) Considering the parliamentary elections, which information source provided the most relevant information for your voting choice? Newspapers 1 483 44.0 48.8 Periodicals, magazines, journals 2 6 0.5 0.6 Radio, television 3 183 16.7 18.5 Election publicity 4 59 5.4 6.0 Election events 5 38 3.5 3.8 Friends, acquaintances 6 66 6.0 6.7 Colleagues, fellow employees 7 8 0.7 0.8 Local branch of the trade union 8 14 1.3 1.4 Other sources 9 104 9.5 10.5 No answer 10 29 2.6 2.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 108 9.8 [Q18_2] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Which information source came second in providing relevant information for your voting choice? (IF VOTED IN 1983) Which information source came second in providing relevant information for your voting choice? 24

Q20_1 Newspapers 1 253 23.0 26.4 Periodicals, magazines, journals 2 20 1.8 2.1 Radio, television 3 280 25.5 29.2 Election publicity 4 138 12.6 14.4 Election events 5 51 4.6 5.3 Friends, acquaintances 6 74 6.7 7.7 Colleagues, fellow employees 7 12 1.1 1.3 Local branch of the trade union 8 11 1.0 1.1 Other sources 9 28 2.6 2.9 No answer 10 93 8.5 9.7 System missing (SYSMIS). 138 12.6 [Q19] (IF VOTED IN 1983) During the election campaign, did any information appear which made you give up a particular candidate you had considered voting for? (IF VOTED IN 1983) During the election campaign, did any information appear which made you give up a particular candidate you had considered voting for? No such information appeared 1 815 74.2 82.1 Such inform. caused change of candidate but not of 2 60 5.5 6.0 party Such inform. caused change of both candidate and 3 55 5.0 5.5 party Can t say 4 63 5.7 6.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 105 9.6 [Q20_1] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the performance of party representatives in television election programmes influence your voting decision? (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the performance of party representatives in television election programmes influence your voting decision? 25

2. Variables Can t say 0 119 10.8 10.8 Did not influence at all 1 541 49.3 49.3 Influenced a little 2 254 23.1 23.1 Influenced a lot 3 122 11.1 11.1 Was of crucial importance 4 62 5.6 5.6 [Q20_2] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the alleged corruption of politicians influence your voting decision? (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the alleged corruption of politicians influence your voting decision? Can t say 0 122 11.1 11.1 Did not influence at all 1 519 47.3 47.3 Influenced a little 2 239 21.8 21.8 Influenced a lot 3 146 13.3 13.3 Was of crucial importance 4 72 6.6 6.6 [Q20_3] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the pensions policy of the previous Parliament influence your voting decision? (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the pensions policy of the previous Parliament influence your voting decision? Can t say 0 127 11.6 11.6 Did not influence at all 1 614 55.9 55.9 Influenced a little 2 189 17.2 17.2 Influenced a lot 3 117 10.7 10.7 Was of crucial importance 4 51 4.6 4.6 26

Q21_1 [Q20_4] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the party policy on employment measures influence your voting decision? (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the party policy on employment measures influence your voting decision? Can t say 0 146 13.3 13.3 Did not influence at all 1 442 40.3 40.3 Influenced a little 2 250 22.8 22.8 Influenced a lot 3 191 17.4 17.4 Was of crucial importance 4 69 6.3 6.3 [Q20_5] (IF VOTED IN 1983) Influence on voting decision: something else (IF VOTED IN 1983) Influence on voting decision: something else Can t say 0 927 84.4 84.4 Did not influence at all 1 77 7.0 7.0 Influenced a little 2 13 1.2 1.2 Influenced a lot 3 24 2.2 2.2 Was of crucial importance 4 57 5.2 5.2 [Q21_1] (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s opinions on environment and nature protection issues (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s opinions on environment and nature protection issues 27

2. Variables Can t say 0 150 13.7 13.7 Did not influence at all 1 342 31.1 31.1 Influenced a little 2 288 26.2 26.2 Influenced a lot 3 230 20.9 20.9 Was of crucial importance 4 88 8.0 8.0 [Q21_2] (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s prior experience in Parliament (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s prior experience in Parliament Can t say 0 137 12.5 12.5 Did not influence at all 1 434 39.5 39.5 Influenced a little 2 131 11.9 11.9 Influenced a lot 3 212 19.3 19.3 Was of crucial importance 4 184 16.8 16.8 [Q21_3] (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Impeccability of the candidate s private life (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Impeccability of the candidate s private life Can t say 0 151 13.8 13.8 Did not influence at all 1 383 34.9 34.9 Influenced a little 2 190 17.3 17.3 Influenced a lot 3 250 22.8 22.8 Was of crucial importance 4 124 11.3 11.3 (continued on next page) 28

Q21_5 (cont. from previous page) [Q21_4] (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate strives for new kind of political processes (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate strives for new kind of political processes Can t say 0 166 15.1 15.1 Did not influence at all 1 378 34.4 34.4 Influenced a little 2 231 21.0 21.0 Influenced a lot 3 213 19.4 19.4 Was of crucial importance 4 110 10.0 10.0 [Q21_5] (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Desire to vote new, fresh members to Parliament (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Desire to vote new, fresh members to Parliament Can t say 0 126 11.5 11.5 Did not influence at all 1 323 29.4 29.4 Influenced a little 2 168 15.3 15.3 Influenced a lot 3 248 22.6 22.6 Was of crucial importance 4 233 21.2 21.2 29

2. Variables [Q22_1] The most important goal of politics The most important goal of politics Safety and security of the society 1 631 57.5 57.5 Increasing the influence of citizens on decisionmaking 2 264 24.0 24.0 Opposing price increases 3 128 11.7 11.7 Defending freedom of speech 4 62 5.6 5.6 Can t say 5 13 1.2 1.2 [Q22_2] The second most important goal of politics The second most important goal of politics Safety and security of the society 1 246 22.4 22.4 Increasing the influence of citizens on decisionmaking 2 343 31.2 31.2 Opposing price increases 3 243 22.1 22.1 Defending freedom of speech 4 249 22.7 22.7 Can t say 5 17 1.5 1.5 [Q22_3] The third most important goal of politics The third most important goal of politics 30

Q23_2 Safety and security of the society 1 140 12.8 12.8 Increasing the influence of citizens on decisionmaking 2 284 25.9 25.9 Opposing price increases 3 280 25.5 25.5 Defending freedom of speech 4 359 32.7 32.7 Can t say 5 35 3.2 3.2 [Q23_1] There is at least one party which always tries to promote the interests of people like me There is at least one party which always tries to promote the interests of people like me Can t say/don t want to say 0 49 4.5 4.5 Strongly disagree 1 125 11.4 11.4 Disagree to some extent 2 174 15.8 15.8 Agree to some extent 3 474 43.2 43.2 Strongly agree 4 276 25.1 25.1 [Q23_2] By voting people can really have a say in how things are run in this country By voting people can really have a say in how things are run in this country Can t say/don t want to say 0 18 1.6 1.6 Strongly disagree 1 57 5.2 5.2 Disagree to some extent 2 158 14.4 14.4 Agree to some extent 3 428 39.0 39.0 Strongly agree 4 437 39.8 39.8 31

2. Variables [Q23_3] Political parties are only interested in people s votes, not in their opinions Political parties are only interested in people s votes, not in their opinions Can t say/don t want to say 0 32 2.9 2.9 Strongly disagree 1 85 7.7 7.7 Disagree to some extent 2 294 26.8 26.8 Agree to some extent 3 449 40.9 40.9 Strongly agree 4 238 21.7 21.7 [Q23_4] The opinions of the citizens will be taken into consideration through the political parties The opinions of the citizens will be taken into consideration through the political parties Can t say/don t want to say 0 28 2.6 2.6 Strongly disagree 1 101 9.2 9.2 Disagree to some extent 2 315 28.7 28.7 Agree to some extent 3 522 47.5 47.5 Strongly agree 4 132 12.0 12.0 [Q23_5] Sometimes politics is so complicated that people like me do not understand what s going on Sometimes politics is so complicated that people like me do not understand what s going on 32

Q23_7 Can t say/don t want to say 0 22 2.0 2.0 Strongly disagree 1 78 7.1 7.1 Disagree to some extent 2 137 12.5 12.5 Agree to some extent 3 404 36.8 36.8 Strongly agree 4 457 41.6 41.6 [Q23_6] People like me have no say in what the government does People like me have no say in what the government does Can t say/don t want to say 0 24 2.2 2.2 Strongly disagree 1 128 11.7 11.7 Disagree to some extent 2 245 22.3 22.3 Agree to some extent 3 268 24.4 24.4 Strongly agree 4 433 39.4 39.4 [Q23_7] Voting is the only way to have an effect on public issues Voting is the only way to have an effect on public issues Can t say/don t want to say 0 21 1.9 1.9 Strongly disagree 1 80 7.3 7.3 Disagree to some extent 2 182 16.6 16.6 Agree to some extent 3 311 28.3 28.3 Strongly agree 4 504 45.9 45.9 33

2. Variables [Q23_8] Even if someone disagreed with the content of a law, everyone should obey laws passed by Parliament Even if someone disagreed with the content of a law, everyone should obey laws passed by Parliament Can t say/don t want to say 0 29 2.6 2.6 Strongly disagree 1 44 4.0 4.0 Disagree to some extent 2 119 10.8 10.8 Agree to some extent 3 217 19.8 19.8 Strongly agree 4 689 62.8 62.8 [Q23_9] One can generally trust the government to make the right decisions One can generally trust the government to make the right decisions Can t say/don t want to say 0 18 1.6 1.6 Strongly disagree 1 149 13.6 13.6 Disagree to some extent 2 412 37.5 37.5 Agree to some extent 3 376 34.2 34.2 Strongly agree 4 143 13.0 13.0 [Q23_10] All people are treated equally in Finnish courts of justice All people are treated equally in Finnish courts of justice 34

Q24_2 Can t say/don t want to say 0 30 2.7 2.7 Strongly disagree 1 378 34.4 34.4 Disagree to some extent 2 357 32.5 32.5 Agree to some extent 3 194 17.7 17.7 Strongly agree 4 139 12.7 12.7 [Q24_1] Which one of the following groups you feel you primarily belong to? Which one of the following groups you feel you primarily belong to? Working class 1 304 27.7 28.4 Lower middle class 2 133 12.1 12.4 Upper middle class 3 55 5.0 5.1 Upper class 4 0 0.0 0.0 Employers 5 18 1.6 1.7 Employees 6 241 21.9 22.5 Entrepreneurs, self-employed 7 97 8.8 9.1 Low-income earners 8 115 10.5 10.8 Middle-income earners 9 104 9.5 9.7 High-income earners 10 2 0.2 0.2 System missing (SYSMIS). 29 2.6 [Q24_2] Which one of the following groups you feel you secondarily belong to? Which one of the following groups you feel you secondarily belong to? Working class 1 93 8.5 8.9 (continued on next page) 35

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Lower middle class 2 128 11.7 12.3 Upper middle class 3 44 4.0 4.2 Upper class 4 2 0.2 0.2 Employers 5 8 0.7 0.8 Employees 6 254 23.1 24.4 Entrepreneurs, self-employed 7 47 4.3 4.5 Low-income earners 8 207 18.9 19.9 Middle-income earners 9 254 23.1 24.4 High-income earners 10 3 0.3 0.3 System missing (SYSMIS). 58 5.3 [Q25_1] How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Farmers - consumers? How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Farmers - consumers? Very conflicting 1 141 12.8 12.8 Somewhat conflicting 2 605 55.1 55.1 Not very conflicting 3 255 23.2 23.2 Not at all conflicting 4 61 5.6 5.6 Can t say 5 36 3.3 3.3 [Q25_2] How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: The rich - the poor? How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: The rich - the poor? 36

Q25_4 Very conflicting 1 404 36.8 36.8 Somewhat conflicting 2 469 42.7 42.7 Not very conflicting 3 165 15.0 15.0 Not at all conflicting 4 30 2.7 2.7 Can t say 5 30 2.7 2.7 [Q25_3] How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Manual workers - people doing intellectual work? How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Manual workers - people doing intellectual work? Very conflicting 1 107 9.7 9.7 Somewhat conflicting 2 413 37.6 37.6 Not very conflicting 3 446 40.6 40.6 Not at all conflicting 4 91 8.3 8.3 Can t say 5 41 3.7 3.7 [Q25_4] How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Employers - employees How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Employers - employees Very conflicting 1 265 24.1 24.1 Somewhat conflicting 2 554 50.5 50.5 Not very conflicting 3 190 17.3 17.3 Not at all conflicting 4 42 3.8 3.8 Can t say 5 47 4.3 4.3 37

2. Variables [Q25_5] How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Politicians - citizens How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Politicians - citizens Very conflicting 1 230 20.9 20.9 Somewhat conflicting 2 503 45.8 45.8 Not very conflicting 3 266 24.2 24.2 Not at all conflicting 4 39 3.6 3.6 Can t say 5 60 5.5 5.5 [Q25_6] How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Capitalists - the working class How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Capitalists - the working class Very conflicting 1 463 42.2 42.2 Somewhat conflicting 2 425 38.7 38.7 Not very conflicting 3 144 13.1 13.1 Not at all conflicting 4 25 2.3 2.3 Can t say 5 41 3.7 3.7 [Q25_7] How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: People with steady jobs - the unemployed How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: People with steady jobs - the unemployed 38

Q26_2 Very conflicting 1 232 21.1 21.1 Somewhat conflicting 2 424 38.6 38.6 Not very conflicting 3 299 27.2 27.2 Not at all conflicting 4 86 7.8 7.8 Can t say 5 57 5.2 5.2 [Q26_1] Respondent s membership in a trade union or professional association Respondent s membership in a trade union or professional association Not a member 1 525 47.8 47.8 Is a member 2 401 36.5 36.5 Has held an elective office 3 0 0.0 0.0 Cannot say 4 172 15.7 15.7 [Q26_2] Respondent s membership in an agricultural association or union Respondent s membership in an agricultural association or union Not a member 1 887 80.8 80.8 Is a member 2 87 7.9 7.9 Has held an elective office 3 2 0.2 0.2 Cannot say 4 122 11.1 11.1 39

2. Variables [Q26_3] Respondent s membership in any political party or in women s/youth organisation of any party Respondent s membership in any political party or in women s/youth organisation of any party Not a member 1 854 77.8 77.8 Is a member 2 97 8.8 8.8 Has held an elective office 3 2 0.2 0.2 Cannot say 4 145 13.2 13.2 [Q26_4] Respondent s membership in a sports association Respondent s membership in a sports association Not a member 1 781 71.1 71.1 Is a member 2 168 15.3 15.3 Has held an elective office 3 0 0.0 0.0 Cannot say 4 149 13.6 13.6 [Q26_5] Respondent s membership in any other voluntary organisation or association Respondent s membership in any other voluntary organisation or association 40

QK1 Not a member 1 698 63.6 63.6 Is a member 2 174 15.8 15.8 Has held an elective office 3 3 0.3 0.3 Cannot say 4 223 20.3 20.3 [Q27] Respondent s occupational status Respondent s occupational status Farmer 1 70 6.4 6.4 Unskilled worker 2 125 11.4 11.4 Skilled worker 3 249 22.7 22.8 Intermediate level or professional employee 4 262 23.9 24.0 Managerial position 5 77 7.0 7.1 Pupil (child at school) 6 2 0.2 0.2 Student 7 66 6.0 6.0 Pensioner 8 167 15.2 15.3 Housewife 9 48 4.4 4.4 Farmer s wife 10 26 2.4 2.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 6 0.5 [QK1] Which party s candidate did you vote for in the parliamentary elections in March 1983 Which party s candidate did you vote for in the parliamentary elections in March 1983 National Coalition Party (KOK) 1 224 20.4 21.3 Center Party of Finland (KESK) 2 161 14.7 15.3 Liberal Party (LKP) 3 1 0.1 0.1 (continued on next page) 41

2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Constitutional Party of Finland (POP) 4 1 0.1 0.1 Swedish People s Party in Finland (RKP) 5 22 2.0 2.1 Democratic League of the People of Finland (SKDL) 6 83 7.6 7.9 Unification Party of the Finnish People (SKYP) 7 0 0.0 0.0 Christian League of Finland (SKL) 8 23 2.1 2.2 Finnish Rural Party (SMP) 9 78 7.1 7.4 Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) 10 284 25.9 27.0 Other (the Greens) 11 15 1.4 1.4 Didn t vote 12 80 7.3 7.6 Can t remember 13 6 0.5 0.6 Cannot/do not want to say 14 73 6.6 6.9 System missing (SYSMIS). 47 4.3 [QK2] If the parliamentary elections were held now, which party would you vote for? If the parliamentary elections were held now, which party would you vote for? National Coalition Party (KOK) 1 209 19.0 19.9 Center Party of Finland (KESK) 2 154 14.0 14.7 Liberal Party (LKP) 3 0 0.0 0.0 Constitutional Party of Finland (POP) 4 2 0.2 0.2 Swedish People s Party in Finland (RKP) 5 21 1.9 2.0 Democratic League of the People of Finland (SKDL) 6 79 7.2 7.5 Unification Party of the Finnish People (SKYP) 7 0 0.0 0.0 Christian League of Finland (SKL) 8 19 1.7 1.8 Finnish Rural Party (SMP) 9 98 8.9 9.3 Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) 10 287 26.1 27.3 Other (the Greens) 11 29 2.6 2.8 Would not vote 12 32 2.9 3.0 Cannot/do not want to say 13 121 11.0 11.5 System missing (SYSMIS). 47 4.3 42

QK3 [QK3] If the parliamentary elections were held now, which party would you vote for as your second preference If the parliamentary elections were held now, which party would you vote for as your second preference National Coalition Party (KOK) 1 93 8.5 9.5 Center Party of Finland (KESK) 2 82 7.5 8.4 Liberal Party (LKP) 3 18 1.6 1.8 Constitutional Party of Finland (POP) 4 2 0.2 0.2 Swedish People s Party in Finland (RKP) 5 26 2.4 2.7 Democratic League of the People of Finland (SKDL) 6 45 4.1 4.6 Unification Party of the Finnish People (SKYP) 7 0 0.0 0.0 Christian League of Finland (SKL) 8 21 1.9 2.2 Finnish Rural Party (SMP) 9 97 8.8 9.9 Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) 10 104 9.5 10.7 Other (the Greens) 11 44 4.0 4.5 Would not vote 12 235 21.4 24.1 Cannot/do not want to say 13 209 19.0 21.4 System missing (SYSMIS). 122 11.1 43

Chapter 3 Indexes 3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence Archival number (added by FSD) [FSD_NO]........................................... 7 Archival version (added by FSD) [FSD_VR]........................................... 7 FSD processing level [FSD_PRO]..................................................... 8 Case id (added by FSD) [FSD_ID].................................................... 8 Respondent s occupational status [TAUSTA1].......................................... 8 Occupational status of the head of the household (if retired, former occupation) [TAUSTA2] 9 Respondent s education [TAUSTA3]................................................... 9 Respondent s age [TAUSTA4]....................................................... 10 Respondent s year of birth [TAUSTA5]............................................... 10 Are there children aged 7-16 years in your family? [TAUSTA6]......................... 11 Annual gross income of the household [TAUSTA7].................................... 11 Respondent s gender [TAUSTA8].................................................... 12 Respondent s place of residence [TAUSTA9].......................................... 12 Respondent s province of residence [TAUSTA10]...................................... 12 Which party did you vote for in the 1982 presidential election, when the electoral college was chosen? [FQ1]..................................................................... 13 Which party did you vote for in the 1980 municipal (local) elections? [FQ2].............. 14 How likely is it that you will vote in the next parliamentary elections in March 1983? [FQ3] 14 If Finnish parliamentary elections were held now, the candidate of which party would you vote for? [FQ4]......................................................................... 15 If the parliamentary elections were held now, which party would you vote for as your second preference? [FQ5].................................................................. 15 Did you vote in the Finnish parliamentary elections in March 1983? [Q1]................ 16 45

3. Indexes (IF DID NOT VOTE IN 1983) When did you decide not to vote? [Q2_2]................. 16 (IF DID NOT VOTE IN 1983) Did you vote in the 1982 presidential election, when the electoral college was chosen? [Q3_1]......................................................... 17 (IF DID NOT VOTE IN 1983) Did you vote in the 1980 municipal (local) elections? [Q3_2] 17 Respondent s own interest in politics [Q4]............................................ 18 (IF VOTED IN 1983) When did you vote in the parliamentary elections? [Q5]............ 18 How many parties did you take into serious consideration when choosing the candidate? [Q6] 18 (IF VOTED IN 1983) When did you make the final decision which party to vote for? [Q7]. 19 (IF VOTED IN 1983) Have you voted for the same party before? [Q8]................... 19 Altogether, how many different parties have you voted for in general elections? [Q9]...... 20 (IF VOTED IN 1983) At what stage did you make the final decision which candidate to vote for? [Q10]......................................................................... 20 (IF VOTED IN 1983) How many candidates did you take into consideration when deciding who to vote for? [Q11].................................................................. 21 (IF VOTED AND CONSIDERED MORE THAN ONE CANDIDATE) Did the candidates you considered voting for represent the same party? [Q12].................................. 21 (IF VOTED IN 1983) Have you voted for the same candidate before? [Q13].............. 22 (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the candidate you voted for get elected to the parliament? [Q14] 22 (IF VOTED IN 1983) How certain were you that your candidate would get elected? [Q15]. 22 (IF VOTED IN 1983) When you voted, was the fact the candidate represents a certain party more important than the personal characteristics of the candidate? [Q16]................. 23 (IF VOTED IN 1983) Would you have voted for the same candidate if he had represented another, politically close party? [Q17]................................................ 23 (IF VOTED IN 1983) Considering the parliamentary elections, which information source provided the most relevant information for your voting choice? [Q18_1].................... 24 (IF VOTED IN 1983) Which information source came second in providing relevant information for your voting choice? [Q18_2]..................................................... 24 (IF VOTED IN 1983) During the election campaign, did any information appear which made you give up a particular candidate you had considered voting for? [Q19]................. 25 (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the performance of party representatives in television election programmes influence your voting decision? [Q20_1]..................................... 25 (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the alleged corruption of politicians influence your voting decision? [Q20_2]........................................................................... 26 (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the pensions policy of the previous Parliament influence your voting decision? [Q20_3].................................................................. 26 (IF VOTED IN 1983) Did the party policy on employment measures influence your voting decision? [Q20_4].................................................................. 27 46

3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence (IF VOTED IN 1983) Influence on voting decision: something else [Q20_5].............. 27 (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s opinions on environment and nature protection issues [Q21_1]..................................... 27 (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate s prior experience in Parliament [Q21_2].............................................................. 28 (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Impeccability of the candidate s private life [Q21_3]........................................................... 28 (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Candidate strives for new kind of political processes [Q21_4]................................................... 29 (IF VOTED IN 1983) How important to your choice of candidate: Desire to vote new, fresh members to Parliament [Q21_5]......................................................29 The most important goal of politics [Q22_1].......................................... 30 The second most important goal of politics [Q22_2]....................................30 The third most important goal of politics [Q22_3]......................................30 There is at least one party which always tries to promote the interests of people like me [Q23_1] 31 By voting people can really have a say in how things are run in this country [Q23_2]...... 31 Political parties are only interested in people s votes, not in their opinions [Q23_3]........ 32 The opinions of the citizens will be taken into consideration through the political parties [Q23_4] 32 Sometimes politics is so complicated that people like me do not understand what s going on [Q23_5]........................................................................... 32 People like me have no say in what the government does [Q23_6]....................... 33 Voting is the only way to have an effect on public issues [Q23_7]........................33 Even if someone disagreed with the content of a law, everyone should obey laws passed by Parliament [Q23_8]................................................................. 34 One can generally trust the government to make the right decisions [Q23_9].............. 34 All people are treated equally in Finnish courts of justice [Q23_10]...................... 34 Which one of the following groups you feel you primarily belong to? [Q24_1]............ 35 Which one of the following groups you feel you secondarily belong to? [Q24_2].......... 35 How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Farmers - consumers? [Q25_1].. 36 How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: The rich - the poor? [Q25_2].... 36 How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Manual workers - people doing intellectual work? [Q25_3].............................................................. 37 How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Employers - employees [Q25_4].37 How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Politicians - citizens [Q25_5]....38 How conflicting are the interests of the following groups: Capitalists - the working class [Q25_6] 47