TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT OY. Sivuvirroista ja hukasta arvoa esimerkkejä ja uusia mahdollisuuksia

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1 TEKNOLOGIAN TUTKIMUSKESKUS VTT OY Sivuvirroista ja hukasta arvoa esimerkkejä ja uusia mahdollisuuksia Hukkaresurssit hyötykäyttöön työpaja Inka Orko, VTT

2 VTT approach to circular economy Recycled textile concepts WEEE scrap to metals and energy Plastics reprocessing and reuse Construction waste valorisaton Mineral and biomaterial residues valorisation System level studies, foresight and sustainability

3 Jarosite: valorizing metals and remediating waste VTT has IP and a process concept for the recovery of silver, gold and lead from the jarosite waste (KI015165); Aalto has IP (based on IPID1748) and a concept in the recovery of the critical metals In and Ga Method and process based on hydrometallurgical separations and recycling of sulfuric acid and zinc back to the zinc plant; also, recovery of As and heavy metals POC: recovery of Zn in lab test > 99 %, Fe %; Pb, Ag-recoveries in flotation 97 and 95 %, respectively Happo/Emäskierto Raaka-aine Happokäsittely ph-saostus Sulfidisaostus Fe-rikaste Lyijy-hopearikaste In-Ga-Ge rikaste Sinkin ja arseenin erotus

4 Resource container: non-biological resource recovery unit based on waste hierarchy principals Wastewater Filtration unit P Capture N Capture Me Capture Water polishing unit Biomass(optional) Carbon capture unit End products Biochar P Product N Product Me Product Drinking/ irrigation water 1. Advanced physical filtration/separation unit. Chemical/physical advanced filtration using high speed cross-flow and novel anti-fouling membranes 2. Selective nutrient/resource removal. Evaporative, chemical and electro chemistry based technologies; N, P, C as pure products 3. Water polishing. Disinfection and filtration to drinking water/irrigation quality 4. Sludge carbonization/chemical routes to products. Thermal and other conversions to fuel, chemicals, activated carbon, carbon black, and/or soil amendment

5 VTT Relooping fashion: new fibre from waste cotton Design and manufacture : 13 kg of textiles per person (70Mkg) thrown away in Finland every year

6 Fiber recycling: from cardboard to clothes Removal of impurities -inorganic material -lignin -hemicelluloses Modification of dissolving pulp -DP control -activation Dissolving -cellulose carbamate process - BioCelSol process - Ioncel-F process Spinning - Wet spinning or - Dry-jet wet spinning Recycled cardboard

7 LUOTTAMUKSELLINEN BioFertilizer - prosessi hyödyntää (kanan)lannan energiaksi ja ravinteiksi = Rahaksi! Tarvittaessa lanta kuivataan ja typpi (ammoniakki) otetaan talteen Kuivattu lanta kaasutetaan polttoon verrattuna miedoissa olosuhteissa, jolloin voidaan hyödyntää sekä orgaanisen aineksen energiasisältö, fosfori sekä typpi (ammoniakkina) lannoitteeksi Todennäköisesti tuotettava polttokaasu niin puhdasta, ettei sen polttoon tarvitse soveltaa jätteenpolton määräyksiä Perusajatus: lannan kuivaus ja kaasutus hajautetusti; vain fosfori ja ammoniakki kuljetetaan keskitettyyn suurempaan laitokseen, jossa valmistetaan räätälöity lannoite Lähes kaikki prosessiketjun vaiheista ns. kypsää teknologiaa eli toimivuus jo todennettu kaupallisissa laitoksissa => Bio-Fertilizer on toimiva prosessi, jossa prosessin osat järjestetty uuteen järjestykseen lannan käsittelyn vaativalla tavalla Ota yhteyttä: Matti Nieminen, matti.nieminen@vtt.fi ; puh

8 Concept: Closed-Loop Polymer Cycle Pristine polymers Hi-Tech Composites Packaging Increased utilization of condensation polymers Chemicals for various business sectors Pigments Additives Polyols Polymerization Polyesters Nylon The next step Chemical Separation Depolymerization Material recovery Logistics On-line detection Chemical Biochemical Thermochemical

9 FlexBTX: Green BTX flexibly from biomass VTT has developed a new highly selective and competitive process for the manufacture of green BTX from biomass. PAO 4 /kg SYNTHETIC LUBRICATION OIL Gasification & gas upgrading Fischer-Tropschreaction Olefins ASA 4 /kg EPOXIDES PAPER SIZING AGENT REACTIVE MODIFIER FOR CELLULOSE, STARCH AND LIGNIN FT-REACTION Fe-CATALYST High-T, low-p BIO-α-OLEFINS C2-C16 BENZENE, TOLUENE XYLENE 0,5-1,2 /kg PLASTICS, FINE AND SPECIALTY CHEMICALS, PHARMACEUTICALS PAINTS, FIBRES, RESINS Forestry residues, mill residues, straw, energy crops, urban biowaste FI Method and apparatus for producing a chemical compound and a chemical compound and its use; TRL 3-4 KI_ Production of aromatic hydrocarbons from renewable sources LINEAR POLYCARBONATES 3,5 /kg OXOALDEHYDES POLYCARBONATE PLASTICS LUBRICANT ADDITIVE, SURFACTANT, ACID SCAVENGER,SOLVENT, RESIN MODIFIER, RESIN DRIER KI_ Biobased paper sizing agent KI_ Biobased maleic anhydride ALKYLSILANES SURFACE MODIFIER COMPATIBILITY AGENT

10 Nollakuidusta kannattavia tuotteita Sitran kiertotalouden avainhanke Nollakuitua syntyy Suomessa noin tonnia vuodessa paperi ja kartonkitehtailta Nollakuituliete käytetään nyt joko maarakentamiseen tai se poltetaan Vuoden 2020 jälkeen nollakuidun käyttö maarakentamiseen vähenee merkittävästi* Poltolla syntyvää jätemäärää voidaan vähentää, mutta ei kokonaan poistaa ja tästä huolimatta suhteellista uudelleenkäyttövelvoitetta ei edistetä Uusia taloudellisesti kannattavia käyttötapoja nollakuidulle löydettävä pikaisesti Haemme kiinnostuneita yrityksiä mukaan hankkeeseen *Direktiivin 2008/98/EY 11 artiklan 2 kohdassa asetetaan tavoite, jonka mukaan vuoteen 2020 mennessä 50 prosenttia kotitalous- ja vastaavasta jätteestä on valmisteltava uudelleenkäyttöä varten tai kierrätettävä ja 70 prosenttia muusta kuin vaarallisesta rakennus- ja purkujätteestä on valmisteltava uudelleenkäyttöä varten tai kierrätettävä tai tästä määrästä on otettava muulla tavoin materiaali talteen. Revisio:

11 Case SYBIMAR calculated with SULCA: Towards a more ecological solution through integrated fishery, greenhouse and bioenergy production using closed circulation Sybimar has developed a bioenergy and food production solution based on closed circulation, whereby waste, waste heat, nutrients and CO 2 are used and recycled back into energy and food production. The pilot plant is a combined fish breeding plant (rainbow trout and whitefish) and greenhouse. kg PO 4 ekv./tonni Kirjolohifile Avomerilaitos perustapaus kirjolohifile Kiertovesilaitos Kiertovesilaitos kirjolohifile kokonainen arvio** Sybimar 1** Sybimar 2** Sybimar 3** A major reduction can be made in the climate change impact, acidification and eutrophication by using green energy from the biogas plant

12 Summary: Current topics at VTT Materials Technologies Products Textile and packaging waste Side streams from the food chain Carbamate technology Thermal and mechanical treatment, bioprocessing to extract and functionalize ingredients Textile fibre, composite material, pulp, disposables Proteins, oils, fibre ingredients to food, chemicals Manure and sludges Thermochemical treatment Nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon products Waste water Precipitation, FO, Resource Container Clean water, nutrients, carbon, minerals Solid municipal waste Construction and demolition waste Plastic and organic waste Electronics waste Ash and slags Source separation, material recycling, SRFproduction via mechanical processing, thermal conversion (grate-incineration) Selective demolition, mechanical, thermal and chemical processing Feedstock recycling via hermal conversion, mechanical recycling Integrated mechanical, thermal and hydrometallurgical processing Mechanical processing, chemical leaching and recovery Metals, biofuels, chemicals, nutrients, soil addituves, waste-to-energy Civil engineering applications, building products and materials, ceramics and composites, binders, bulk and fine chemicals, energy Fuels, olefins, chemicals, energy Metals, raffinates, minerals, olefins, energy Construction products and materials, ceramics, binders, bulk and fine chemicals, concentrates, nutrients, fertilisers, catalysts Mine waste and tailings Integrated mechanical, thermal and hydrometallurgical processing Metals, raffinates, construction products and materials, ceramics, binders, bulk and fine chemicals, nutrients, fertilisers

13 Technoeconomic prefeasibility assessment Environmental assessment Process modelling Balances and boundaries Economic feasibility Value chain and business concept development System design Process design Process specification at component or main unit operation level Process simulation tools (Aspen, Balas, Apros, WinGems, ChemCAD, etc.) Case-specific boundary definition Mass and energy balances Integration impacts Variable and fixed cost estimation Cash-flow analysis Sensitivities in different market conditions Interactive customertailored toolkits Hytönen E., Improving energy efficiency through process simulation,

14 Sustainability services SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR NEW PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGIES SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT METHOD DEVELOPMENT CRITICAL REVIEWS (ISO ) ECO DESIGN DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT ECO-EFFICIENCY SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION SULCA LCA SOFTWARE MATERIAL FLOW ANALYSIS ENERGY FLOW ANALYSIS CARBON FOOTPRINT (ISO14067) WATER FOOTPRINT (ISO 14046)

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17 TEKNOLOGIASTA TULOSTA 17

18 Waste-derived fuels and chemicals Biomass, agro-residues, construction and demolition, plastics, industrial, food waste, MSW, SMW Pretreatment Customer needs, availability, cost Characterisation, speciation Data collection and management Utilisation of geoinformation??? New cost-efficient technologies Crushing, drying, metal removal, pelletizing Removal of nutrients, alkalis Thermal processes Hydrolysis-Fermentation Improved processes, piloting/demonstration Fast pyrolysis, HTL; slow pyrolysis, HTC Novel enzymes, micro-organisms, metabolic engineering Zero-waste solutions Productization of sidestreams - metals, nutrients, recycled solvents, energy Product recovery and post-treatment New cost-efficient technologies Hot vapour filtration, Hot-condensation, distillation Ion-exchange, biofiltration Upgrading Productization Catalytic hydrotreatment Fractionation, isolation, extraction, separation High-value fuels, solvents, platform chemicals, monomers for plastics 18 18

19 Textile research in VTT Preparation of textile fibers Alkaline processes (CCA and BioCelSol) for regenerated fibers Raw materials: dissolving pulp and recycled cotton Infinited Fiber Company Oy chemical recycling textiles with CCA Preparation of nonwovens Foam forming: versatile and resource efficient process Hygenic products Filter materials Insulation Fibre yarn technology Spinnova Oy ( wood fabrics directly from pulp) Mechanical recycling in TEKES Telaketju project