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- Anni Auvinen
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1 This is an electronic reprint of the original article. This reprint may differ from the original in pagination and typographic detail. Author(s): Ylikotila, Anna-Kaisa Title: Tytöt ovat kilttejä ja tottelevaisia, pojat villejä ja rauhattomia - ja muita koulun haasteita Year: Version: 2017 Publisher's PDF Please cite the original version: Ylikotila, A.-K. (2017, ). Tytöt ovat kilttejä ja tottelevaisia, pojat villejä ja rauhattomia - ja muita koulun haasteita. What the Hela?. Retrieved from All material supplied via JYX is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, and duplication or sale of all or part of any of the repository collections is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for your research use or educational purposes in electronic or print form. You must obtain permission for any other use. Electronic or print copies may not be offered, whether for sale or otherwise to anyone who is not an authorised user.
2 Tytöt ovat kilttejä ja tottelevaisia, pojat villejä ja rauhattomia - ja muita koulun haasteita Anna-Kaisa Ylikotila Kuulostaako otsikon sitaatti tutulta? Sitä on toisteltu iät ja ajat niin neuvoloissa, päiväkodeissa kuin kouluissakin. Kun pojista puhutaan reippaina ja tytöistä kiltteinä, luodaan samalla odotuksia siitä, mikä on normien mukaista käytöstä. Sukupuolen lisäksi kasvatuksessa ja koulutuksen eri tasoilla ylläpidetään edelleen myös vaikkapa etniseen taustaan sekä yhteiskuntaluokkaan liittyviä kliseisiä käsityksiä. Tasaarvoon ja yhdenvertaisuuteen liittyviä teemoja ei ole käsitelty tarpeeksi osana opettajankoulutusta, mikä ilmenee Kristiina Brunilan ja Arto Kallioniemen uudessa tutkimuksessa. Tutkin omassa väitöskirjassani opettajuutta ja siihen liitettyjä arvoja erityisesti sukupuolen kannalta. Vaikka tutkimukseni käsittelee suomalaista koulutusta lähes sata vuotta sitten, olen löytänyt hämmästyttävän paljon samankaltaisia yhtymäkohtia Kallioniemen ja Brunilan havaintoihin. He toteavat omassa tutkimuksessaan, että Suomessa koulutus on yhä harvinaisen selkeästi sukupuolittunutta tyttöjen ja poikien aloihin. Suomi on saanut asiasta jopa huomautuksia EU:lta. Tasa-arvon pitäisi koskettaa kaikkia sukupuolesta, iästä, yhteiskuntaluokasta, seksuaalisesta suuntautumisesta ja etnisestä taustasta huolimatta. Koulutuspolitiikka ja tasa-arvopolitiikka ovatkin eläneet toisistaan erillisissä maailmoissa.
3 Sadan vuoden takainen näkemys 2000-luvun koulusta. Onneksi koulumaailmassa on vähitellen herätty: opetus pyrkii aiempaa enemmän sukupuolisensitiivisyyteen, jossa sukupuolisuuden kirjo nähdään laajempana kuin perinteisenä kahtiajakona tyttöihin ja poikiin. Yläkoululaisille on jopa jaettu feminismin periaatteita avaavia teoksia. Muutosta tapahtuu myös suhteessa ruokaan ja laajemmalti kestävään kehitykseen, kun kouluissa on alettu viettää kasvisruokapäiviä. Koulutus on poliittista: se, mitä opetetaan tai jätetään opettamatta, on aina valinta, kun pyrkimyksenä on kasvattaa aktiivisia kansalaisia yhteiskuntaan. Jopa koulujen kasvisruokapäivät tai feminismiin perehdyttäminen voivat olla ideologiaa, mutta niiden tavoitteena on kasvattaa kansalaisia, jotka pystyvät tekemään tiedostavia ja kriittisiä havaintoja maailmasta sekä pohtimaan eettisesti kestäviä ratkaisuja. Erilaisia näkemyksiä ja uusia ajattelumalleja onkin syytä tuoda osaksi jo nuorten ja lasten arkea.
4 Nykyajan informaatiotulva kuormittaa ihmisiä, elämänrytmi kiihtyy kiihtymistään ja yhä useampien on vaikea jaksaa jatkuvasti parempaan suoritukseen piiskaavassa maailmassa. Jotta nuoret ja lapset voisivat pärjätä tällaisessa yhteiskunnassa uhraamatta samalla omaa hyvinvointiaan, on heille annettava uudenlaisia keinoja reagoida ympäröivän maailman haasteisiin. Samalla pitäisi olla tulevaisuuden yhteiskunnan hyödyllinen ja kriittinen jäsen. Tämä vaatii kansalaisuuteen valmistavien tietojen ja taitojen oppimista, mutta myös tietoisuutta vaikkapa omista kulutustottumuksista tai siitä, miten puhua muun sukupuolisista, etnisesti tai muuten toisenlaisista lähtökohdista tulevista ihmisistä. Koulutuksen ja opetuksen on aika ajoin mietittävä uudelleen, mitä niillä halutaan saavuttaa. Millaisen kuvan haluamme opetuksella antaa ympäröivästä maailmasta sekä nuorten omista mahdollisuuksista vaikuttaa siihen? Tärkeää olisi ainakin opettaa, että omilla valinnoilla on merkitystä niin ruokakaupassa asioitaessa kuin muista ihmisistä puhuttaessa ja heitä kohdellessa - sekä suomalaisen yhteiskunnan että koko maailman kannalta. Tasa-arvoisuus ja yhdenvertaisuus ovat toki myös problemaattisia ja monitulkintaisia käsitteitä. Silti niitä ja niiden mahdollisuuksia olisi uskallettava käsitellä koulussa sekärohkaistava oppilaita oman identiteetin rakentamiseen yksilöllisyyden ja
5 kollektiivisuuden ristipaineessa. Koulun haaste onkin ylläpitää yhdenvertaisia mahdollisuuksia huolimatta sukupuolesta, etnisestä tai yhteiskunnallisesta taustasta sekä tiedostaa se, että valmiit muotit eivät kaikille yhtä hyvin sovi. Ja ihan rehellisesti: eikö jokainen ole jossakin tilanteessa kokenut olevansa jollakin tavalla sopimaton? Aiheesta lisää mediassa: Koulut alkoivat häivyttää perinteistä jakoa vain tyttöihin ja poikiin sukupuolen erilaisia muotoja on nyt käsiteltävä kaikissa oppiaineissa (Yle ) Sanna Ukkola: Miksi lapsille pakkosyötetään ideologiaa? (Yle ) Millaisia vaikeuksia elämässä on, jos haluaa olla kympin tyttö? (Me Naiset ) Anna-Kaisa Ylikotila on Suomen historian väitöstutkija, jonka tutkimusaiheena on hyvä opettajuus ja sen rakentuminen suomalaisissa opettajankoulutuslaitoksissa vuosina
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