nzeb ja RES vaatimusten tilanne muissa jäsenmaissa

Transkriptio

1 Rakennusfoorumi nzeb ja RES vaatimusten tilanne muissa jäsenmaissa Jarek Kurnitski Professori Rakennustekniikan laitos

2 Towards nzeb: Roadmap of some countries towards nearly zero energy buildings to improve energy performance of new buildings Many countries have prepared long term roadmaps with detailed targets Helps industry to prepare/commit to the targets Primary energy, kwh/m 2 a Estonia

3 Rakennusteollisuus RT ry LVI talotekniikkateollisuus ry Ympäristöministeriö

4 YM 1/14 asetus D3 muuttamisesta FInZEB hanke laatii ehdotuksen sisällöstä 2015 alussa Rakennusteollisuus RT ry LVI talotekniikkateollisuus ry Ympäristöministeriö

5 Rakennusteollisuus RT ry LVI talotekniikkateollisuus ry Ympäristöministeriö

6 Lähes nollaenergiatalon energiatase Ostoenergia Rakennuksen energiankulutus Muualle viety energia Tontin raja = taseraja Ostoenergia muualle viety = energiankulutus uusiutuva omavaraisenergia ostoenergian kulutus - muualle viety energia energiamuodon kerroin E - luku lämmitetty nettoala

7 Kehitys EU tasolla FprEN 15603:2014 EPBD overarching standardi sisältää ehdotuksen nzeb määritelmäksi (informative annex) Taserajat ja nzeb (final) määritelmä linjassa REHVA:n nzeb määritelmän kanssa Standardia ei hyväksytty loppuäänestyksessä 10/2014 mene uudelle kierrokselle REHVA:n nzeb tekniset määritelmät ovat ainoa julkaistu Eurooppalainen nzeb määritelmä (REHVA Report No:4 ) 11 kansallista määritelmää annettu asetustasolla Rakennusteollisuus RT ry LVI talotekniikkateollisuus ry Ympäristöministeriö

8 Rakennusteollisuus RT ry LVI talotekniikkateollisuus ry Ympäristöministeriö

9 Rakennusteollisuus RT ry LVI talotekniikkateollisuus ry Ympäristöministeriö

10 Rakennusteollisuus RT ry LVI talotekniikkateollisuus ry Ympäristöministeriö

11 Rakennusteollisuus RT ry LVI talotekniikkateollisuus ry Ympäristöministeriö

12 Rakennusteollisuus RT ry LVI talotekniikkateollisuus ry Ympäristöministeriö

13 Rakennusteollisuus RT ry LVI talotekniikkateollisuus ry Ympäristöministeriö

14 Rakennusteollisuus RT ry LVI talotekniikkateollisuus ry Ympäristöministeriö

15 Situation with national energy frames Differences in energy frames: Primary energy not yet used in all countries Some countries (Germany, France) use reference building method, fixed values in other countries Both simulation (Estonia, Finland) and monthly methods (Germany, Denmark) used Inclusion of energy flows depends on country: Germany/residential heating energy only (space heating, DHW and heating of ventilation air) Germany/non-residential cooling and lighting also included (appliances not) Denmark appliances and in residential also lighting not included Sweden appliances and user s lighting not included (facility lighting incl.) Estonia, Finland, Norway appliances and lighting included (all inclusive) RES (on site renewable energy production) is not accounted in all countries Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations

16 European climate zones Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations

17 Region Zone 1-2 (Catania, Athens) Zone 3 (Budapest, Bratislava, Ljubjana) Zone 4 (Paris, Amsterda m Berlin, Brussels, Copenhag en, Dublin, London, Macon, Nancy, Prague, Warsaw) Country Cyprus 180 nzeb Energy performance RES Values Unit Metric Energy uses for: Building type EP calculation nzeb req. 210 Slovakia 54 Belgium BXL Belgium Walloon Belgium Flemish ,5*(V/S) kwh/m 2 /y kwh/m 2 /y kwh/m 2 /y Primary energy Primary energy Primary energy 60 kwh/m 2 /y Primary energy France kwh/m 2 /y kwh/m 2 /y Energy use Primary energy Ireland 45 kwh/m 2 /y Energy load heating, cooling, hot water, lighting Heating, hot water, ventilation, cooling (non-res), lighting (non-res) heating, cooling (non-res), hot water, lighting (non-res), auxiliary electricity heating, hot water, auxiliary electricity Heating, cooling, hot water, ventilation, auxiliary systems heating, ventilation, cooling, hot water, lighting, auxiliary systems heating, ventilation, hot water, lighting Residential Nonresidential Detached Apartment Offices Residential Offices, educational Residential and non-res. Residential Office and school Residential Office Office AC No No N.a. N.a. N.a. Yes Yes 25% 25% 50% 50% 50% N.a. 50% Yes Yes No No No - - >10 kwh/m 2 y >10 kwh/m 2 y Residential N.a Netherlands 0 [-] Energy heating, ventilation, Residential/ perform. cooling, hot water, non-residential coefficien lighting t (EPC) Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations Yes Yes - -

18 Region Country nzeb Energy performance RES Values Unit Metric Energy uses for: Building type EP calculation nzeb req. Zone 5 (Coopenh agen, Tallinn, Helsinki, Riga, Stockholm, Gdansk, Tovarene) Denmark Estonia kwh/m 2 /y kwh/m 2 /y Primary energy Primary energy Latvia 95 kwh/m 2 /y Primary energy heating, cooling, ventilation, hot water, lighting (non-res) heating, ventilation, cooling, hot water, lighting, auxiliary electricity, appliances heating, cooling, domestic hot water, ventilation, lighting Residential Non-residential Detached house Apartment Office Hotel Residential/ nonresidential Yes Yes 51-56% 51-56% Yes - Yes - Yes - Yes - - N.a. - Lithuania <0,25 [-] Energy performance indicator C heating Residential/ not-residential N.a. 50% Data from CA EPBD Oct 2013 (Kurnitski et al. REHVA Journal 2/2014) Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations

19 RES in energy frames and nzeb applications RES was not yet implemented in present calculation frames in 5 out of 10 countries with nzeb application Most of energy frames are not yet ready to support exported energy: Full utilization on annual bases: Denmark, Estonia, net plus energy program in Germany Monthly bases (limited to the amount of the delivered electricity each month and the rest of exported is not accounted): Germany Not accounted: Finland, Norway, Italy, 5 out of 10 countries have set specific indicator for RES in nzeb application None of EU countries have implemented nearby RES future issue to be solved with RES inclusion and exported energy Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations

20 REHVA Journal 2/2014: nzeb case studies provide more reliable benchmarks than first national nzeb definitions Energy data from four nzeb office buildings: Delivered heating is in first building a fuel and in last one district heat. Two other buildings have heat pumps, delivered heating is electricity. Delivered cooling is in all buildings electricity. On site electricity is PV in 3 buildings and bio-chp in one building. All values in the table are in kwh/m2y. Climate City, Delivered energy On site Primary zone country Heating Cooling Fans&pumps Lighting Appliances electricity energy 4 Dion France Gland Switzerland Hoofddrop Holland Helsinki Finland For all buildings the following primary energy factors were applied: 0.7 for heating (district heat or biomass); 2.0 for electricity. Appliances may be largest component in energy balance of nzeb buildings Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations

21 Towards nearly zero energy buildings Indicator Denmark Energy frame 2010 Energy frame 2015 Energy frame 2020 Maximum of primary energy to Primary energy factors Residential buildings (houses, hotels, etc.) Non residential buildings (offices, schools, institutions and other buildings) /A in kwh/m²a /A in kwh/m²a /A in kwh/m²a /A in kwh/m²a 20 kwh/m²a 25 kwh/m²a Electricity District heating Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations

22 Towards nearly zero energy buildings Estonia Primary energy requirements for 9 building types (apply from Jan 9, 2013) nzeb Low energy Min.req. new Min.req. maj.ren. A B C (cost opt.) D (cost opt.) kwh/(m 2 a) kwh/(m 2 a) kwh/(m 2 a) kwh/(m 2 a) Detached houses Apartment buildings Office buildings nzeb and low energy requirements officially given (not yet mandatory) Primary energy factors: Electricity 2.0 Fossil fuels 1.0 District heat 0.9 Renewable fuels 0.75 Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations

23 Estonian nzeb Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations

24 nzeb requirements up today National nzeb applications show remarkably high variation between 20 and 200 kwh/m²y primary energy in ten countries: caused partly due to different energy uses included and partly due to different level of ambition in the definitions exclusion of the energy flows leads to situation where calculated energy use could represent only a small fraction of measured energy use in real buildings Requirements only for residential and non-residential show that majority of countries cannot tackle the eight building types specified in EPBD recast Annex nzeb primary energy values showed a reduction by factor of 1.6 in Estonia and by 2 in Denmark compared to current EP minimum requirements of office buildings (reduction of 40-50%) European EPBD standards are seen as a tool for harmonization Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning Associations

25 Rakennusteollisuus RT ry LVI talotekniikkateollisuus ry Ympäristöministeriö

26 Rakennusteollisuus RT ry LVI talotekniikkateollisuus ry Ympäristöministeriö