FSD2976. Juvenile Delinquency in Finland Codebook

Transkriptio

1 FSD2976 Juvenile Delinquency in Finland 2012 Codebook FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE

2 The bibliographic citation for this codebook: Juvenile Delinquency in Finland 2012 [codebook]. Tampere: Finnish Social Science Data Archive [producer and distributor], This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 ( ) of the data. Finnish Social Science Data Archive FIN University of Tampere FSD User Services: Aila Data Service Portal: Finnish Social Science Data Archive $ Koodikirjoitin.py :41: $

3 To the reader This codebook is part of the data FSD2976 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science Data Archive).The dataset has been described in as much detail as possible in Finnish and English. Variable frequencies, variable and value labels, and missing values have been checked. If necessary, the data have been anonymised. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publications and presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in the form suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. The bibliographic citation suggested by the archive: Kivivuori, Janne & Salmi, Venla: Juvenile Delinquency in Finland 2012 [computer file]. FSD2976, version 1.0 ( ). Helsinki: National Research Institute of Legal Policy [producer], Tampere: Finnish Social Science Data Archive [distributor], The user shall notify the archive of all publications where she or he has used the data. The original data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretations arising from the reuse of the data. The codebook contains information on data content, structure and data collection, and includes a list of publications wholly or in part based on the data, according to publication information received by the FSD. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables: question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes. Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Distribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percentages (%), and valid percentages (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If the data contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some cases frequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Categorised responses to open-ended questions are not always included in the codebook. Distributions may contain missing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a respondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data the user has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives don t want to say or can t say as missing data. The codebook may contain attached files, the most common one being the questionnaire.

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5 Contents 1 Study description Titles Subject description Structure and collection of the data Use of data Variables 7 3 Indexes Variables in the order of occurrence Variables in alphabetical order A naires in Finnish 177 i

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7 Chapter 1 Study description 1.1 Titles Titles and data version: Juvenile Delinquency in Finland 2012 Titles and data version in Finnish: Nuorisorikollisuus 2012 Alternative title: The Finnish Self-Report Delinquency Study 2012 This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 ( ) of the data. 1.2 Subject description Authoring entity Kivivuori, Janne (National Research Institute of Legal Policy (Optula)) Salmi, Venla (National Research Institute of Legal Policy (Optula)) Copyright statement for the data According to the agreement between FSD and the depositor. Depositor Kivivuori, Janne (National Research Institute of Legal Policy (Optula)) Date of deposit

8 1. Study description Keywords assault; bullying; burglary; crime; crime victims; criminal damage; disorderly conduct; drug abuse; illegal drugs; intimidation; juvenile delinquency; offences; robbery; shoplifting; students; teachers; theft; youth Topic Classification Classification by FSD vocabulary: criminology; science of law; sociology; youth studies Classification by CESSDA vocabulary: crime; youth Series description The data belong to the series: Juvenile Delinquency in Finland The National Research Institute of Legal Policy, nowadays called the Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, launched a long-term research project in spring 1995 to study young people s criminal and forbidden activities. In these surveys, information has been gathered with the self-report method: the participants, 9th grade students from different parts of Finland, have answered anonymously to questions about their own criminal or forbidden activities. The survey series is also known under the name of the Finnish Self-Report Delinquency Study (FSRD). Abstract The survey studied the extent, frequency and nature of self-reported offending among young people in Finland as well as their attitudes towards crime and experiences of being victims. The 2012 survey, which is the seventh of its kind, differs from the surveys of previous years in that it was expanded to include sixth-graders (pupils aged 12-13) in addition to ninth-graders (pupils aged 15-16). s covered truancy, vandalising school property or other property, theft, shoplifting, motor vehicle theft, burglary, online piracy, bullying, taking part in a fight, assault, robbery, possession of a weapon, alcohol use, and use of other intoxicating substances. If the respondents admitted to having done any of the acts mentioned, they were asked whether they had done it in the previous 12 months and how many times. Relating to some of the offences, the respondents were also presented with specifying questions about the last time they had committed the act, for example, whether they had acted alone, whether they had been drunk at the time, whether the act had been revenge for some previous incident, what they had stolen, and whether the motive for a violent act had been discriminatory. Ninth-graders were also asked whether the police had found out about the offences committed. The respondents were also asked whether they had been a victim of vandalism, violent robbery, theft, bullying, threats of violence, assault, discriminatory harassment or violence, parental corporal punishment, or cyberbullying and cyberthreats. If the respondents had been a victim of 2

9 1.3. Structure and collection of the data any of the acts, they were asked whether they had experienced it in the previous 12 months and how many times. Relating to some of the experiences, the respondents were also presented with specifying questions about the last time they had been a victim of the crime, for instance, whether the perpetrator had been male or female, how old the perpetrator had been, what his/her ethnicity had been, whether the respondent had sustained injuries, and what had been stolen. Relating to experiences of violence, the respondents were further presented with a list of people (e.g. friend, mother, father, unknown adult, teacher, coach/instructor) and asked whether any of them had physically assaulted them (hit, kicked, or used a weapon). Family and circumstances at home were surveyed with questions about the extent to which parents supported and were interested in the respondent s life. Relating to leisure time, questions probed how often the respondents were away from home in the evenings, visited parties, spent long periods of time online, watched violent films etc. s on neighbourhood and school investigated the prevalence of graffitis, vandalism and alcohol/drug abuse in the neighbourhood, and the prevalence of vandalism and disruptive behaviour at school. The respondents were also asked whether their friends had used cannabis, shoplifted or been in a fight in a public place. A number of items from the Big Five Inventory (John et al.) were presented and the respondents were requested to indicate to what extent they thought the characteristics applied to them (e.g. "I am talkative", "I tend to be lazy"). Additionally, the respondents were asked to what extent they agreed with statements relating to their propensity to take risks, tendency to think ahead and to be considerate of others (e.g. "Sometimes I take a risk just for the fun of it", "If people get upset over something I do, that s their problem, not mine"). Finally, the respondents were asked the future probability of them shoplifting or being in a fight, insecurity experienced in certain places, acceptability of certain acts for young people (e.g. lying, online piracy, shoplifting), and to what extent they agreed with statements relating to breaking the law (e.g. "It is acceptable to take revenge on a person who hurts/insults a friend of mine"). Respondents on the ninth grade were asked additional questions. s charted sleep problems as well as whether the respondents felt certain descriptions (found in the Antisocial Process Screening Device Self-Report, Frick et al.) applied to them (e.g. "I blame others for my mistakes", "I keep same friends"). The background variables included, among others, the respondent s sex, age, country of birth, school performance (maths, Finnish, English), and household composition as well as years lived in the municipality of residence, attendance in remedial education during the school year, language spoken at home, parents economic activity and countries of birth, perceived financial circumstances of family, and whether R had ever had to repeat a grade. Ninth-graders were also asked their dating status and plans after basic education. 1.3 Structure and collection of the data Country: Finland Geographic coverage: Finland Analysis or observation unit type: Individual Universe: Pupils in the 6th and 9th grades of basic education in Finland 3

10 1. Study description Collection date: February 2012 May 2012 Data collector(s): National Research Institute of Legal Policy (Optula) Data producer(s): National Research Institute of Legal Policy (Optula) Mode of data collection: Internet survey Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire Time period covered: 2012 Time method of the data collection: Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section Response rate: 82.9% Number of variables and cases: The data contain 357 variables and 8914 cases. Sampling procedure: Probability sampling: Combination of probability sampling methods. In the creation of the sample, the sampling unit was school. Sufficient representativeness of different municipality types was ensured during sampling. School size was also taken into consideration. Sampling was carried out by Statistics Finland. A total of 8,914 pupils on sixth and ninth grades of basic education responded to the survey (persons aged and 15-16). There is a total of 4,059 responses from sixth-grade pupils in 102 elementary schools and 4,855 responses from ninth-grade pupils in 51 secondary/middle schools. The data were collected as an online survey, to which the pupils responded during a school day. Contact teachers, who had been instructed in collecting survey data, assisted in data collection at schools. 1.4 Use of data Data appraisal Variables q11_5_2 (Other language or languages, which?) and q36_2 (Do you have any longterm illness or a disability or health problem which affects your functional ability? Yes, which?) have been removed from the data during archiving. Related publications Backman, Heidi (2013). Nuorten uniongelmien yhteydet psykopatiapiirteisiin ja nuorisorikollisuuteen. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopisto. Käyttäytymistieteiden laitos. Psykologian pro gradu -tutkielma. Kivivuori, J. (2011). Discovery of Hidden Crime. Self-Report Surveys in Criminal Policy Context. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Kivivuori, J. (2013). Methodological studies in the development of Finnish crime surveys: Selected examples. In: Methodologies and methods in criminology. NSfKs 55. forskerseminar. Scandinavian Research Council fro Criminology, Aarhus Universitet. Kivivuori, J. (2014). Understanding Trends in Personal Violence: Does Cultural Sensitivity Matter? In Michael Tonry (ed): Why Crime Rates Fall, and Why they Don t. Crime and Justice, Volume 43. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. 4

11 1.4. Use of data Kivivuori, J. & Salmi, V. (2009). The Challenge of Special Needs Education in School-Based Delinquency Research. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology and Crime Prevention 10:1, Kivivuori, J. & Salmi, V. & Walser, S. (2013). Supervision Mode Effects in Computerized Delinquency Surveys at School: Finnish Replication of a Swiss Experiment. Journal of Experimental Criminology 9:1, Laajasalo, T., Aronen, E., Saarinen, S., Salmi, V., Aaltonen, M. & Kivivuori, J. (2014). To tell or not to tell? Psychopathic Traits and Response Integrity in Youth Delinquency Surveys. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health. DOI: /cbm.1940 Laajasalo T., Saukkonen S., Kivivuori J., Salmi V., Lipsanen, J. & Aronen E. (2014). Brief report: Self-reported psychopathic-like features among Finnish community youth. Investigation of the factor structure of the Antisocial Personality Screening Device. Journal of Adolescence, 37, doi: /j.adolescence Salmi, Venla (2012). Katsaus nuorten rikoskäyttäytymiseen ja uhrikokemuksiin 2012 [verkkodokumentti]. Helsinki. Oikeuspoliittinen tutkimuslaitos. Oikeuspoliittisen tutkimuslaitoksen verkkokatsauksia 27/ [viitattu ]. Salmi, Venla (2012). Nuorten rikoskäyttäytyminen ja uhrikokemukset 2012 [verkkodokumentti]. Helsinki. Oikeuspoliittinen tutkimuslaitos. Oikeuspoliittisen tutkimuslaitoksen tutkimustiedonantoja [viitattu ]. Salmi, Venla & Suonpää, Karoliina (2013). Katsaus varhaisnuorten rikoskäyttäytymiseen ja uhrikokemuksiin 2012 [verkkodokumentti]. Helsinki. Oikeuspoliittinen tutkimuslaitos. Oikeuspoliittisen tutkimuslaitoksen verkkokatsauksia 33/ sarja/qmhbu5eor/varhaisnuorten_rikoskayttaytyminen_33_korjattu.pdf [viitattu ]. Updated list of publications in the study description at Related material Salmi, Venla (2012). Katsaus nuorten rikoskäyttäytymiseen ja uhrikokemuksiin 2012 [verkkodokumentti]. Helsinki. Oikeuspoliittinen tutkimuslaitos. Oikeuspoliittisen tutkimuslaitoksen verkkokatsauksia 27/ [viitattu ]. Salmi, Venla (2012). Nuorten rikoskäyttäytyminen ja uhrikokemukset 2012 [verkkodokumentti]. Helsinki. Oikeuspoliittinen tutkimuslaitos. Oikeuspoliittisen tutkimuslaitoksen tutkimustiedonantoja [viitattu ]. Salmi, Venla & Suonpää, Karoliina (2013). Katsaus varhaisnuorten rikoskäyttäytymiseen ja uhrikokemuksiin 2012 [verkkodokumentti]. Helsinki. Oikeuspoliittinen tutkimuslaitos. Oikeuspoliittisen tutkimuslaitoksen verkkokatsauksia 33/ sarja/qmhbu5eor/varhaisnuorten_rikoskayttaytyminen_33_korjattu.pdf [viitattu ]. 5

12 1. Study description Location of the data collection Finnish Social Science Data Archive Weighting There is a weight variable analyysipaino (analysis weight) that corrects for the bias caused by sample selection and non-response at the school-level. Statistics Finland carried out the weighting of collected data. Special Permissions Users of the data shall send the Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy a copy of all reports, articles, other publications or unpublished theses based on or using the data. The copies shall be sent to the mail address: Department of Social Research, Institute of Criminology and Legal Policy, Janne Kivivuori, P.O. Box 10, FI University of Helsinki, FINLAND. Restrictions The dataset is (C) available for research only (including e.g. Master s, licentiate and doctoral theses). 6

13 Chapter 2 Variables [FSD_NO] FSD study number FSD study number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 8914 minimum maximum mean standard deviation 0.00 [FSD_VR] FSD edition number FSD edition number Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 8914 minimum 1.10 maximum 1.10 mean 1.10 standard deviation

14 2. Variables [FSD_ID] FSD case id FSD case id Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 8914 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [ID] Combined data identifier Combined data identifier Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 8914 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [TUNNISTE] Response id Response id Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 8914 minimum (continued on next page) 8

15 BV_LK (cont. from previous page) statistic value maximum mean standard deviation [VASAIKA] Time spent responding (seconds) Time spent responding (seconds) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 8914 minimum maximum mean standard deviation [LUOKKA] Grade / stage in education (6th grade or 9th grade) Grade / stage in education (6th grade or 9th grade) 6th grade th grade [BV_LK] Your grade identifier? (do not answer simply 6/9 but write the full identifier, for example 6a/9a) (open-ended) Your grade identifier? (do not answer simply 6/9 but write the full identifier, for example 6a/9a) (open-ended) 9

16 2. Variables [BV1] Are you a boy or a girl? Are you a boy or a girl? Girl Boy [BV2] How old are you (years)? How old are you (years)? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 8900 minimum maximum mean standard deviation 1.54 [BV3] How many years altogether have you lived in your current place of residence? How many years altogether have you lived in your current place of residence? Alle vuoden (continued on next page) 10

17 BV5 (cont. from previous page) System missing (SYSMIS) [BV4] [9th graders only] Do you have a girlfriend or boyfriend? [9th graders only] Do you have a girlfriend or boyfriend? No Yes System missing (SYSMIS) [BV5] Were you born in Finland? Were you born in Finland? 11

18 2. Variables Yes No [BV5_2] In which country were you born? (categorised) In which country were you born? (categorised) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 237 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [Q5_1] Think about your most recent school report card. What was your grade in the following subjects [on a Finnish school grading scale from 4 to 10]: Mathematics Think about your most recent school report card. What was your grade in the following subjects [on a Finnish school grading scale from 4 to 10]: Mathematics Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 8907 minimum 4.00 maximum mean 7.81 standard deviation

19 Q6 [Q5_2] Think about your most recent school report card. What was your grade in the following subjects [on a Finnish school grading scale from 4 to 10]: Finnish (language and literature) Think about your most recent school report card. What was your grade in the following subjects [on a Finnish school grading scale from 4 to 10]: Finnish (language and literature) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 8901 minimum 4.00 maximum mean 7.95 standard deviation 1.11 [Q5_3] Think about your most recent school report card. What was your grade in the following subjects [on a Finnish school grading scale from 4 to 10]: English Think about your most recent school report card. What was your grade in the following subjects [on a Finnish school grading scale from 4 to 10]: English Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 8903 minimum 4.00 maximum mean 7.96 standard deviation 1.27 [Q6] Have you been given remedial teaching or additional reading instruction during this school year? Have you been given remedial teaching or additional reading instruction during this school year? 13

20 2. Variables No Yes [Q7] Have you ever had to repeat a grade? Have you ever had to repeat a grade? No Yes [Q8] [9th graders only] What are you going to do after basic education? At present, which of the following do you feel will be the most suitable for you? [9th graders only] What are you going to do after basic education? At present, which of the following do you feel will be the most suitable for you? I will go to upper secondary school (general education) I will go to upper secondary school (vocational education) I will study a dual qualification (both general and vocational education) I will go to apprenticeship training I will go straight to working life System missing (SYSMIS)

21 Q10_2 [Q9] Who do you live with? Who do you live with? Together with my mother and father Part of the time with my mother, part of the time with my father Only with my mother Only with my father With my mother and her partner / my stepfather With my father and his partner / my stepmother With other relatives With a foster family Other circumstances [Q10_1] Are there any siblings living with you: No Are there any siblings living with you: No Not mentioned Mentioned [Q10_2] Are there any siblings living with you: Sisters Are there any siblings living with you: Sisters 15

22 2. Variables Not mentioned Mentioned [Q10_3] Are there any siblings living with you: Brothers Are there any siblings living with you: Brothers Not mentioned Mentioned [Q10_4] Are there any siblings living with you: Step/half-sisters Are there any siblings living with you: Step/half-sisters Not mentioned Mentioned [Q10_5] Are there any siblings living with you: Step/half-brothers Are there any siblings living with you: Step/half-brothers Not mentioned (continued on next page) 16

23 Q10_2_2 (cont. from previous page) Mentioned [Q10_2_2] Are there any siblings living with you: Sisters, how many? Are there any siblings living with you: Sisters, how many? [Q10_3_2] Are there any siblings living with you: Brothers, how many? Are there any siblings living with you: Brothers, how many? [Q10_4_2] Are there any siblings living with you: Step/half-sisters, how many? Are there any siblings living with you: Step/half-sisters, how many? [Q10_5_2] Are there any siblings living with you: Step/half-brothers, how many? Are there any siblings living with you: Step/half-brothers, how many? [Q11_1] Which language or languages do you speak with your parents: Finnish Which language or languages do you speak with your parents: Finnish 17

24 2. Variables Not mentioned Mentioned [Q11_2] Which language or languages do you speak with your parents: Swedish Which language or languages do you speak with your parents: Swedish Not mentioned Mentioned [Q11_3] Which language or languages do you speak with your parents: Russian Which language or languages do you speak with your parents: Russian Not mentioned Mentioned [Q11_4] Which language or languages do you speak with your parents: Estonian Which language or languages do you speak with your parents: Estonian 18

25 Q13 Not mentioned Mentioned [Q11_5] Which language or languages do you speak with your parents: Other language or languages Which language or languages do you speak with your parents: Other language or languages Not mentioned Mentioned [Q12] Does your father work at the moment? Does your father work at the moment? Yes, he has a job No, he is unemployed / laid off No, he is on disability pension / on sick leave / in hospital No, he is otherwise retired/pensioner No, he is a stay-at-home father No, he is studying No, he has passed away I don t know [Q13] Was your father born in Finland? Was your father born in Finland? 19

26 2. Variables Yes No [Q13_2] Was your father born in Finland? No, please state which country he was born in (categorised) Was your father born in Finland? No, please state which country he was born in (categorised) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 490 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [Q14] Does your mother work at the moment? Does your mother work at the moment? Yes, she has a job No, she is unemployed / laid off No, she is on disability pension / on sick leave / in hospital No, she is otherwise retired/pensioner No, she is a stay-at-home mother No, she is studying No, she has passed away I don t know

27 Q16 [Q15] Was your mother born in Finland? Was your mother born in Finland? Yes No [Q15_2] Was your mother born in Finland? No, please state which country she was born in (categorised) Was your mother born in Finland? No, please state which country she was born in (categorised) Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 466 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [Q16] If you compare the financial situation of your family to other families you know, how good is the financial situation of your family? If you compare the financial situation of your family to other families you know, how good is the financial situation of your family? A lot worse (continued on next page) 21

28 2. Variables (cont. from previous page) Worse A little worse The same A little better Better A lot better [Q17] If you compare yourself to other young people your age, do you personally have less, as much or more money at your disposal? If you compare yourself to other young people your age, do you personally have less, as much or more money at your disposal? A lot less Less A little less As much A little more More A lot more [Q18_1A] Unauthorised absence from school: Have you ever in your life been absent from school for at least one whole day without approval from school? Unauthorised absence from school: Have you ever in your life been absent from school for at least one whole day without approval from school? 22

29 Q18_2B No Yes [Q18_1B] Unauthorised absence from school: And have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? Unauthorised absence from school: And have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? No Yes [Q18_2A] Tagging or graffiting: Have you ever in your life written or painted writings or graffiti on walls, buses, bus stop shelters, windows or other places like that? Tagging or graffiting: Have you ever in your life written or painted writings or graffiti on walls, buses, bus stop shelters, windows or other places like that? No Yes [Q18_2B] Tagging or graffiting: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? Tagging or graffiting: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? 23

30 2. Variables No Yes [Q18_3A] Damage to or destruction of school property: Have you ever in your life purposefully damaged or destroyed school property or the school building? Damage to or destruction of school property: Have you ever in your life purposefully damaged or destroyed school property or the school building? No Yes [Q18_3B] Damage to or destruction of school property: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? Damage to or destruction of school property: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? No Yes

31 Q18_5A [Q18_4A] Damage to or destruction of other property: Have you ever in your life purposefully damaged or destroyed property other than that belonging to school? Damage to or destruction of other property: Have you ever in your life purposefully damaged or destroyed property other than that belonging to school? No Yes [Q18_4B] Damage to or destruction of other property: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? Damage to or destruction of other property: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? No Yes [Q18_5A] Theft from a shop or kiosk: Have you ever in your life stolen something from a shop or kiosk? Theft from a shop or kiosk: Have you ever in your life stolen something from a shop or kiosk? 25

32 2. Variables No Yes [Q18_5B] Theft from a shop or kiosk: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? Theft from a shop or kiosk: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? No Yes [Q18_6A] Theft from school: Have you ever in your life stolen something from school? Theft from school: Have you ever in your life stolen something from school? No Yes [Q18_6B] Theft from school: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? Theft from school: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? 26

33 Q18_8A No Yes [Q18_7A] Theft of motor vehicle: Have you ever in your life stolen a motor vehicle, such as a car, motorcycle, moped, snowmobile or ATV? Theft of motor vehicle: Have you ever in your life stolen a motor vehicle, such as a car, motorcycle, moped, snowmobile or ATV? No Yes [Q18_7B] Theft of motor vehicle: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? Theft of motor vehicle: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? No Yes [Q18_8A] Other theft: Have you ever committed some other theft not asked about above? (Stealing from own home does not count!) Other theft: Have you ever committed some other theft not asked about above? (Stealing from own home does not count!) 27

34 2. Variables No Yes [Q18_8B] Other theft: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? Other theft: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? No Yes [Q18_9A] Breaking into an apartment etc.: Have you ever in your life broken into an apartment, building or storage space? ( Breaking into own home does not count!) Breaking into an apartment etc.: Have you ever in your life broken into an apartment, building or storage space? ( Breaking into own home does not count!) No Yes

35 Q18_10B [Q18_9B] Breaking into an apartment etc.: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? Breaking into an apartment etc.: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? No Yes [Q18_10A] Unauthorised downloading from the Internet: Have you ever in your life downloaded music, movies, TV programmes, games or computer programmes from the Internet or a peer network without permission? Unauthorised downloading from the Internet: Have you ever in your life downloaded music, movies, TV programmes, games or computer programmes from the Internet or a peer network without permission? No Yes [Q18_10B] Unauthorised downloading from the Internet: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? Unauthorised downloading from the Internet: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? 29

36 2. Variables No Yes [Q18_11A] Bullying: Have you ever bullied another young person at school or on the way to/from school? Bullying: Have you ever bullied another young person at school or on the way to/from school? No Yes [Q18_11B] Bullying: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? Bullying: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? No Yes [Q18_12A] Participation in a fight in a public place: Have you ever in your life participated in a fight in a public place? Participation in a fight in a public place: Have you ever in your life participated in a fight in a public place? 30

37 Q18_13B No Yes [Q18_12B] Participation in a fight in a public place: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? Participation in a fight in a public place: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? No Yes [Q18_13A] Assault: Have you ever in your life beaten someone up? (This does not include joking/playful hitting or fighting) Assault: Have you ever in your life beaten someone up? (This does not include joking/playful hitting or fighting) No Yes [Q18_13B] Assault: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? Assault: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? 31

38 2. Variables No Yes [Q18_14A] Stealing by using threats: Have you ever in your life threatened another person with a beating or with a weapon in order to get money or a valuable item from him/her? Stealing by using threats: Have you ever in your life threatened another person with a beating or with a weapon in order to get money or a valuable item from him/her? No Yes [Q18_14B] Stealing by using threats: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? Stealing by using threats: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? No Yes

39 Q18_16A [Q18_15A] Possession of a weapon: Have you ever in your life kept a weapon or an item meant to be used as a weapon with you, such as a knife, chain or gun? Possession of a weapon: Have you ever in your life kept a weapon or an item meant to be used as a weapon with you, such as a knife, chain or gun? No Yes [Q18_15B] Possession of a weapon: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? Possession of a weapon: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? No Yes [Q18_16A] Drinking alcohol until drunk: Have you ever in your life drunk so much alcohol that you felt you were drunk? Drinking alcohol until drunk: Have you ever in your life drunk so much alcohol that you felt you were drunk? 33

40 2. Variables No Yes [Q18_16B] Drinking alcohol until drunk: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? Drinking alcohol until drunk: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? No Yes [Q18_17A] [9th graders only] Drink-driving: Have you ever in your life driven a car, motorcycle or moped drunk? [9th graders only] Drink-driving: Have you ever in your life driven a car, motorcycle or moped drunk? No Yes System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18_17B] [9th graders only] Drink-driving: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? [9th graders only] Drink-driving: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? 34

41 Q18_18B No Yes System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18_18A] [9th graders only] Using/trying marijuana/hashish: Have you ever in your life tried or used marijuana or hashish? [9th graders only] Using/trying marijuana/hashish: Have you ever in your life tried or used marijuana or hashish? No Yes System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18_18B] [9th graders only] Using/trying marijuana/hashish: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? [9th graders only] Using/trying marijuana/hashish: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? No Yes System missing (SYSMIS)

42 2. Variables [Q18_19A] [9th graders only] Using other drugs: Have you ever in your life used other drugs BESIDES marijuana or hashish? [9th graders only] Using other drugs: Have you ever in your life used other drugs BESIDES marijuana or hashish? No Yes System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18_19B] [9th graders only] Using other drugs: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? [9th graders only] Using other drugs: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? No Yes System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18_20A] [6th graders only] Using/trying something else than alcohol: Have you ever in your life used or tried some other substance besides alcohol because you wanted to get intoxicated? [6th graders only] Using/trying something else than alcohol: Have you ever in your life used or tried some other substance besides alcohol because you wanted to get intoxicated? 36

43 Q18_2B_1 No Yes System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18_20B] [6th graders only] Using/trying something else than alcohol: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? [6th graders only] Using/trying something else than alcohol: Have you done so in the past 12 months, that is, after February last year? No Yes System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18_1B_1] Unauthorised absence from school: How many times have you done so in the past 12 months? Unauthorised absence from school: How many times have you done so in the past 12 months? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 2371 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [Q18_2B_1] Tagging or graffiting: How many times have you done so in the past 12 months? Tagging or graffiting: How many times have you done so in the past 12 months? 37

44 2. Variables Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1039 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [Q18_3B_1] Damage to or destruction of school property: How many times have you done so in the past 12 months? Damage to or destruction of school property: How many times have you done so in the past 12 months? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 914 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [Q18_4B_1] Damage to or destruction of other property: How many times have you done so in the past 12 months? Damage to or destruction of other property: How many times have you done so in the past 12 months? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1356 minimum 0.00 maximum mean standard deviation

45 Q18_4B_4 [Q18_4B_2] Damage to or destruction of other property: Did someone else damage property with you at the same time? Damage to or destruction of other property: Did someone else damage property with you at the same time? No One other person damaged property with me More than one other person damaged property with me System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18_4B_3] Damage to or destruction of other property: Were you under the influence of alcohol at the time? Damage to or destruction of other property: Were you under the influence of alcohol at the time? No Yes, a bit I was drunk System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18_4B_4] Damage to or destruction of other property: Was the act a revenge for some earlier act that had been targeted at you or a person close to you? Damage to or destruction of other property: Was the act a revenge for some earlier act that had been targeted at you or a person close to you? 39

46 2. Variables No It was a revenge for an act targeted at me It was a revenge for an act targeted at my friend or relative System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18_5B_1] Theft from a shop or kiosk: How many times have you done so in the past 12 months? Theft from a shop or kiosk: How many times have you done so in the past 12 months? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 656 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [Q18_5B_2] Theft from a shop or kiosk: When you last stole something, where did you steal from? Theft from a shop or kiosk: When you last stole something, where did you steal from? From a grocery store From a kiosk From a department store From a clothes shop From some other shop or vendor (continued on next page) 40

47 Q18_5B_4 (cont. from previous page) From different kinds of shops System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18_5B_3] Theft from a shop or kiosk: What was approximately the value of the items you stole in euros? Theft from a shop or kiosk: What was approximately the value of the items you stole in euros? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 653 minimum 0.00 maximum mean standard deviation [Q18_5B_4] Theft from a shop or kiosk: Did someone else steal with you at the same time? Theft from a shop or kiosk: Did someone else steal with you at the same time? No One other person stole with me More than one other person stole with me System missing (SYSMIS)

48 2. Variables [Q18_5B_5] [9th graders only] Theft from a shop or kiosk: Were you under the influence of alcohol at the time? [9th graders only] Theft from a shop or kiosk: Were you under the influence of alcohol at the time? No Yes, a bit I was drunk System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18_6B_1] Theft from school: How many times have you done so in the past 12 months? Theft from school: How many times have you done so in the past 12 months? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1231 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [Q18_7B_1] Theft of motor vehicle: How many times have you done so in the past 12 months? Theft of motor vehicle: How many times have you done so in the past 12 months? Descriptive statistics 42

49 Q18_7B_3 statistic value number of valid cases 91 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [Q18_7B_2] Theft of motor vehicle: Which did you steal? Theft of motor vehicle: Which did you steal? A car A motorcycle A moped A snowmobile An ATV Other motor vehicle System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18_7B_3] Theft of motor vehicle: Did someone steal the motor vehicle with you? Theft of motor vehicle: Did someone steal the motor vehicle with you? No One other person stole a car with me More than one other person stole a car with me System missing (SYSMIS)

50 2. Variables [Q18_7B_4] [9th graders only] Theft of motor vehicle: Were you under the influence of alcohol at the time? [9th graders only] Theft of motor vehicle: Were you under the influence of alcohol at the time? No Yes, a bit I was drunk System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18_8B_1] Other theft: How many times have you done so in the past 12 months? Other theft: How many times have you done so in the past 12 months? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 443 minimum 0.00 maximum mean standard deviation [Q18_8B_2] Other theft: What did you steal? Other theft: What did you steal? 44

51 Q18_8B_4 Money A bicycle Cigarettes Alcohol Something else System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18_8B_3] Other theft: What was approximately the value of the items you stole in euros? Other theft: What was approximately the value of the items you stole in euros? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 449 minimum 0.00 maximum mean standard deviation [Q18_8B_4] Other theft: Whose property did you steal? Other theft: Whose property did you steal? Person I know Person I don t know Company or community I don t know System missing (SYSMIS)

52 2. Variables [Q18_9B_1] Breaking into an apartment etc.: How many times have you done so in the past 12 months? Breaking into an apartment etc.: How many times have you done so in the past 12 months? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 467 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [Q18_9B_2] Breaking into an apartment etc.: Did someone else break into the apartment, building or storage space with you? Breaking into an apartment etc.: Did someone else break into the apartment, building or storage space with you? No One other person broke in with me More than one other person broke in with me System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18_9B_3] [9th graders only] Breaking into an apartment etc.: Were you under the influence of alcohol at the time? [9th graders only] Breaking into an apartment etc.: Were you under the influence of alcohol at the time? 46

53 Q18_10B2 No Yes, a bit I was drunk System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18_9B_4] Breaking into an apartment etc.: Where did you break into? Breaking into an apartment etc.: Where did you break into? An apartment/house that was in use An abandoned house or building A shop, kiosk or premises of some other business Other building or storage space System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18_10B2] Unauthorised downloading from the Internet: How many times have you done so in the past 12 months? Unauthorised downloading from the Internet: How many times have you done so in the past 12 months? Daily or almost daily times a week times a month Less frequently System missing (SYSMIS)

54 2. Variables [Q18_11B1] Bullying: How many times have you done so in the past 12 months? Bullying: How many times have you done so in the past 12 months? Descriptive statistics statistic value number of valid cases 1722 minimum 1.00 maximum mean standard deviation [Q18_11B2] Bullying: When you last bullied another young person, was the bullying... Bullying: When you last bullied another young person, was the bullying... Emotional (for example mocking, name-calling, discrimination) Physical (for example pushing) Emotional and physical System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18_11B3] Bullying: Did someone else bully the person with you at the same time? Bullying: Did someone else bully the person with you at the same time? 48

55 Q18_11B5 No One other person bullied him/her in the same situation More than one other person bullied him/her in the same situation System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18_11B4] [9th graders only] Bullying: Were you under the influence of alcohol at the time? [9th graders only] Bullying: Were you under the influence of alcohol at the time? No Yes, a bit I was drunk System missing (SYSMIS) [Q18_11B5] Bullying: Was your act prompted by the person s language, skin colour, religion or something equivalent? Bullying: Was your act prompted by the person s language, skin colour, religion or something equivalent? His/her language His/her skin colour His/her religion His/her national background His/her social or political views None of the above System missing (SYSMIS) (continued on next page) 49