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1 5/2013KEMIA SPECIAL ISSUE Finnish Chemical Magazine STRONG EXPORTS in the Finnish chemical industry NEW BOOST for voluntary sustainability REACH bites next smaller companies Pakkausten ja pakkausmateriaalien kattavaa testausta Labtium Oy on palveluyritys, joka tarjoaa laboratorio- ja asiantuntijapalveluja teollisuuden ja tutkimuksen tarpeisiin. Tarjoamme monipuolisen valikoiman testaus- ja analyysipalveluita pakkausten ja pakkausmateriaalien karakterisointiin kattaen myös niiden kierrätettävyyden. Pakkausten, kartongin ja paperin testaus Uusien kuitupohjaisten materiaalien tuotekehityksen tuki Muovin ja pakkausten tuoteturvallisuusanalytiikka Kierrätysmateriaalien hyödynnettävyys GREEN SOLUTIONS for water and waste Espoo Jyväskylä Kuopio Outokumpu Rovaniemi Sodankylä

2 Bruker Optics The PEAK in Research FT-IR VERTEX Series When Bruker Optics set the bar for research FT-IR spectrometers, we knew that someday we would have to raise it. The VERTEX Series is the culmination of everything Bruker Optics has pioneered and developed in over 30 years. Flexibility The VERTEX Series is built on a fully upgradeable optics platform that is designed with the utmost flexibility in mind. VERTEX spectrometers share a wide range of features, including the BRuker Artificial Intelligence Network (BRAIN), Automatic Component Recognition (ACR), the Plug & Play Ethernet connection and Automatic Accessory Recognition (AAR). VERTEX 80 VERTEX 70v VERTEX 80v Performance The VERTEX 80 series FT-IR spectrometers are based on the new UltraScan TM interferometer which utilizes precise wearfree linear air bearing scanner with TrueAlignment TM technology to provide PEAK spectral resolution. Vacuum The new VERTEX 70v and VERTEX 80v evacuable optics benches can eliminate atmospheric moisture absorptions for ultimate sensitivity and stability. Entry level The VERTEX 70 is a routine to research FT-IR spectrometer that is equipped with pre-aligned optical components and the field proven stable RockSolid interferometer. Contact us for more details: think forward VERTEX 70 Bruker Optics Scandinavia AB Vallgatan 5 SE Solna Sweden Tel. +46 (0) Tel: (FIN) optics@bruker.se timo.saarela@bruker.se FT-IR

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4 CONTENTS sisällys 6 European chemical industry Competitiveness is key to success Timo Leppä 10 Strong exports in the Finnish chemical industry Simo Pinomaa 14 Intensified efforts for Attractiveness and better skills Riitta Juvonen 18 EU s climate and energy policy Significant changes needed Sami Nikander 22 Responsible Care programme is making progress New boost for sustainability Merja Vuori 26 Reach bites next small and medium sized companies Eliisa Irpola 28 Authorisation is the decathlon amongst the Reach processes Tim Becker The Reach authorisation and the decathlon are equally demanding processes. (p. 28) 32 Green solutions for water and waste Petri Tuominen 36 Bioeconomy meets its expectations Chemistry in key position Sami Nikander 38 A special year for The biotech sector Carmela Kantor-Aaltonen 42 Cosmetics and detergents showing positive growth figures Eeva-Mari Karine 4 KEMIA 5/2013 Scanstockphoto 46 Pharmaceutical industry looking for New innovations and investments Mia Bengtström 50 Light and motion In the plastics business Vesa Kärhä 52 Innovative rubber industry doing well in the international playing field Sami Nikander 54 Paint and printing ink industries Steady times in the production and export Juha Pyötsiä 57 Chemical and forest industries Join forces in standardisation Tuula Rantalaiho 60 Vihreät sivut 66 AJANKOHTAISTA Helsinki Chemicals Forum: Yhteistyöllä kohti parempaa kemikaaliturvallisuutta Riku Rinta-Jouppi 68 REACH RAKENTUU Lupamenettelyssä vielä monta kysymysmerkkiä Joonas Alaranta 69 UUTISIA 74 TUTKIMUKSESSA TAPAHTUU 78 PIENI SUURI NANO ALD kerrostaa atomit kauniisti Maija Pohjakallio 79 NAISET JA KEMIA Prinsessa Anna oli rohdosten ruhtinatar Sisko Loikkanen 80 NÄKÖKULMA Hikeä, tervaa ja pellavaöljyä Anja Nystén 80 KEMIA SILLOIN ENNEN 81 Muovien epäorgaaniset aineet ovat Riesa jätteenpoltossa Elina Saarinen 82 BASF satsaa energiatutkimukseen Pidempi tankkausväli maakaasuautoille Marja Saarikko 84 Vihreämpää luksusta rajallisten resurssien maailmassa Irene Andersson Europe is a key player in the global chemical industry. (p. 6) 86 Keisareista oligarkkeihin Venäläinen posliini on aikansa peili Pekka T. Heikura 90 ULKOMAILTA 92 KEEMIKKO Kyky kyykystä 93 HENKILÖUUTISIA 96 TULEVIA TAPAHTUMIA 97 SEURASIVU 98 LABORATORIOSTA TUTUT Engler-kolvin kehittäjä oli öljytutkimuksen pioneeri Pekka T. Heikura Keisarillinen posliinitehdas on alan lippulaiva Venäjällä ja koboltinsininen verkkokuvio yksi tehtaan tavaramerkeistä. (s. 86) Osattiin sitä ennenkin yhdistää ura ja äitiys. Prinsessa Anna oli yksi 1500-luvun merkittävimmistä alkemisteista ja viidentoista lapsen äiti. (s. 79) Scanstockphoto

5 Leader 2 September 2013 KEMIA Kemi Vol. 40 Coden: KMKMAA ISSN Toimitus Redaktion Office Pohjantie 3, FIN Espoo puh faksi toimitus@kemia-lehti.fi Päätoimittaja Chefredaktör Editor-in-Chief DI Leena Laitinen leena.laitinen@kemia-lehti.fi Toimituspäällikkö Redaktionschef Managing Editor Päivi Ikonen paivi.ikonen@kemia-lehti.fi Taitto Layout K-Systems Contacts Oy Päivi Kaikkonen taitto@kemia-lehti.fi Sihteeri Sekreterare Secretary Irja Hagelberg irja.hagelberg@kempulssi.fi Vakituinen avustaja ja toimistotyöntekijä Permanent medarbetare Contributing Editor Sanna Alajoki sanna.alajoki@kemia-lehti.fi Ilmoitukset Annonser Advertisements ilmoitukset@kemia-lehti.fi Myyntipäälliköt Forsäljningschefer Sales Managers Kalevi Sinisalmi kalevi.sinisalmi@kemia-lehti.fi Irene Sillanpää irene.sillanpaa@kemia-lehti.fi Tilaukset Prenumerationer Subscriptions puh , faksi tilaukset@kemia-lehti.fi Tilaushinnat Kotimaassa 105 euroa (kestotilaus 95 euroa), muut maat 145 euroa Kouluille 49 euroa, Prenumerationspris i Finland 105 euro, övriga länder 145 euro Subscription price (out of Finland) EUR 145 Irtonumero/Lösnummer/Single copy EUR 16 (special issue 5/2013 EUR 19) Osoitteenmuutokset Suomen Kemian Seura puh , faksi toimisto@kemianseura.fi Kustantaja Utgivare Publisher Kempulssi Oy Toimitusjohtaja Verkst. direktör Managing Director Leena Laitinen Pohjantie 3, FIN Espoo puh leena.laitinen@kemia-lehti.fi Toimitusneuvosto Redaktionsråd Editorial Board Laboratoriopäällikkö Susanna Eerola, Roal Oy Toimitusjohtaja Saara Hassinen, SalWe Oy Professori Matti Hotokka, Åbo Akademi Toimituspäällikkö Päivi Ikonen, Kemia-Kemi Tutkija Helena Laavi, Aalto-yliopisto Päätoimittaja Leena Laitinen, Kemia-Kemi Professori Jan Lundell, Jyväskylän yliopisto Apulaisjohtaja Juha Pyötsiä, Kemianteollisuus ry Professori Markku Räsänen, Helsingin yliopisto Tiedotuspäällikkö Sakari Sohlberg, VTT Aikakauslehtien Liiton jäsenlehti Keskipainos 4 800, erikoisnumeroilla kpl:n lisäjakelu. Forssa Print, Forssa 2013 ISO 9002 Markku Joutsen Remote work a win-win situation On 20 September, the national remote working day will be celebrated in Finland. The organisers of the campaign day Finland s Environment Administration and Microsoft wish to promote flexibility at work as well as the well-being of employees and environment. Working remotely is not possible in all lines of work. An increasing number of people can, however, work anywhere provided that a mobile phone, a laptop and data connections are available. More and more people would also be happy to exchange the hours spent caught in a traffic jam for free time, and the chaos in the offices for an environment that allows concentrating in real work. As many as 90 per cent of Finnish workers would like to work remotely at least occasionally. While Finland is one of the pioneers in remote work in Europe, there s still room for improvement. More than one third of wage earners sometimes continue their working day at home, but only one out of seven has agreed upon the matter with the employer. Many organisations offer no possibilities for remote working. Resistance to change may be lurking in the background along with a fear that an employee who is not present is not working. I personally have many years experience with remote work both as an employee and an employer. I sincerely believe that everybody will benefit. If a worker can be trusted at the workplace, he or she can also be trusted outside the workplace. There is no need for spying. How to separate work and free time without physical transition? The solution resides between one s own ears. Since knowledgeintensive work does not end by doing, anyone working remotely must set limits to her or his work. If the flow is on or a deadline drawing nearer, lots of work can sometimes be done at one go. Afterwards it pays to take time for recovery. Is the mingling of work and free time a benefit or a drawback? The answer depends on both the worker s personality and situation in life. For myself working from home has been the best possible way to combine entrepreneurship and being a single parent. From the employer s and also from the worker s viewpoint one of the best aspects of remote work is that it enables the recruitment of people regardless of their place of residence. While writing this, my colleagues are toiling hard in their home offices in Tampere, Heinola, Nummela, Espoo, Jyväskylä, Helsinki, Hollola, Nurmijärvi, and Gran Canaria. The fact that this magazine is now in your hands proves that it works. Leena Laitinen 5/2013 KEMIA 5

6 European chemical industry Competitiveness is key to success Europe is a key player in the global chemical industry. The European chemical industry holds a 20 per cent share of the global chemicals sales and directly employs 1.2 million people and indirectly about three times more. The development of the European chemical industry is very important for the whole EU, and competitiveness of the industry is the main contributor to the future development. Timo Leppä The global chemicals market almost doubled between 2001 and 2011 from 1.4 billion euros to 2.7 billion euros. This implies an average annual growth rate of 7 per cent. This is of course good news for the chemical industry. The competitive position of Europe, however, changed during this period in a remarkable way. Europe was the leading region in chemicals sales with a share of 30 per cent of total sales in Ten years later the EU was holding 20 per cent of the sales. This means that the chemical industry in the EU lost one third of its position during the last ten years. Its turnover, however, grew during the same time period by almost 30 per cent despite this change in relative size. Today China is the single largest country in chemicals sales. It alone commands a bigger share than the whole EU together, and the rest of Asia reaches almost as high as the EU. China has enjoyed strong growth in chemicals sales during the last ten years and the trend seems to be continuing. Increase in the competitiveness of the chemical industry is of the utmost importance to the EU and the chemical industry in Europe. We do not want to lose more footholds to Asia. It is not only important financially, but also environmentally as the European chemical industry is safe, energy efficient, and environmentally safe compared to many other regions. Competitiveness built on several levels The competitiveness of the chemical industry is built on several levels including individual capabilities, company core competencies, and national policies. The European decision makers should aim at strengthening the competitiveness of our chemical industry and abstain from policies that hurt the competitive advantage it is enjoying. The chemical industry is growing, and we should raise our objectives to restoring the growth instead of hindering the decline. As seen in the development of the US chemical industry this is achievable. The target of the European Commission is to increase the industry s GDP to 20 per cent from the current 16 per cent by EU policies and national decisions build a basis for a competitive position. Changes in energy policies, climate policy targets, increased regulation, and incentives to invest in R&D are examples of tools that can be used to enhance or supress the growth. Energy policy in a central role Europe needs a competitive energy policy as energy is one of the key raw materials in the chemical industry. The European energy policy should be predictable and based on less charges and taxes to energy and more credit to energy efficiency. The shale gas reserves that have been opened in the US have positively affected the competitiveness of the American chemical industry. Europe has its own energy reserves in the form of shale gas and these should be explored and utilised wisely to improve the competitive position of the European chemical industry. The EU should hasten responsible exploration and sustainable production of shale gas. This can be done by avoiding unnecessary regulation while paying appropriate attention to environmental aspects in extraction. The EU should also provide the public 6 KEMIA 5/2013

7 Europe is a key player in the global chemical industry. with solid information on the economic benefits and environmental concerns of shale gas. This opportunity to diminish the Europe dependency on imported energy should not be lost. The EU aspires to be the leader in global climate policy and inspire other regions to follow in its footsteps. The EU countries have national energy policies that are linked to the EU climate policy. The global climate policy can only be effective when regional climate policies are synchronised and the EU has harmonised national energy policies. Improvement in climate policies can be most accelerated by emphasising the Scanstockphoto 5/2013 KEMIA 7

8 world regions with the greatest share of emissions. Better regulation needed Industrial investments are made for a year operating period. Current and planned future legislation is taken into account while making the investment calculations, risk analyses, and investment decisions. Frequent changes in policy-related legislation increase the uncertainty and risk of investments. Investments are always associated with financial risk, execution risk, business risk, and country risk. Fundamental changes in the EU legislation increase the country risk associated with investments within the EU. They reduce the trust for regulatory stability and distance investment and jobs. Revision work done on the Emission Trading System and the Renewable Energy Directive are two prime examples of these kinds of changes. The EU and national authorities should work towards creating legislation that supports competitiveness. New legislation and revision of existing legislation should always be weighed against the effects it is going to have on investments and jobs. Potential unintended consequences should be traced carefully before decision making. A cumulative cost assessment should also be standard practice when making legislation changes affecting the industry. Focus on research and development The EU spends 2 per cent of its GDP on R&D, which is clearly less than key competitors. The US spends almost 3 per cent, Japan more than 3 per cent, and Korea almost 4 per cent of its GDP in R&D. Consequently, Europe is neither a leader in R&D nor a leading region in deploying the results of its research and development activities. The EU needs to install itself to a higher level in R&D and commercialisation of the results. This can be done by wise changes in financial measures and tax incentives that encourage increasing R&D activities. Stable, clear and coherent regulation is needed to attract and retain bio-based chemicals in Europe. Biomaterial can be used in nutrition, energy production, and for industrial uses. A cascading model of using biomaterials should be encouraged. This would allow biomaterials to be fully used and flow into the most value creating applications. Adequate access to biomass and biobased building blocks is a key element for a growing chemical industry in Europe. Any existing trade obstacles should be reduced or eliminated so that trade can be done with global market prices. EU authorities should base their decisions on sound scientific understanding and reliable data. The European chemical industry supports full life-cycle evaluation of bio-based raw materials, covering social, environmental, and economic criteria. Achieving the bio-economy goals in Europe requires investment in research, innovation, and skills from public and private investors. The European chemical industry is ready and moving and we want the society with us in building a sustainable future. The author is Director General of the Chemical Industry Federation of Finland. timo.leppa@chemind.fi Neste Oil, a Finnish oil refining company, opened a renewable diesel plant in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, in Neste Oil 8 KEMIA 5/2013

9 LABORATORIO TÄNÄÄN 2013 Turvallisuus tavaksi! Finlandia-talossa ILMOITTAUDU NYT! Lisätietoja tapahtumasta ja ilmoittautuminen osoitteessa: fi.vwr.com/laboratoriotanaan VWR International Oy Valimotie 9, Helsinki

10 The chemical industry exports have increased, but the domestic market has slowed down reflecting the decline of customer companies in the electronics and paper industries. Strong exports in the Finnish chemical industry Simo Pinomaa The last few years challenged most companies and branches in the Finnish export sector. The chemical companies have, however, provided a positive surprise. In the end of 2010 the chemical industry exports reached an all-time high and the growth has continued. In 2012, chemical companies exported 9 per cent more than the year before. Production figures also show that the chemical industry has recovered much better than manufacturing in general. In fact after the beginning of financial turmoil in Finland, the chemical industry has been the best performer in manufacturing. Production figures for the chemical industry, however, are softening due to the decline of the paper and electronics industries, which are still important domestic customers for chemical companies. In 2012 the production growth rate of the chemical industry slowed around 2 per cent from the previous year s two- Kemira Oyj digit growth figures. In the first quarter of 2013 the production slightly declined. The fluctuating production and weak domestic demand have had relatively minor effects on employment in the chemical industry. According to Statistics Finland, the Finnish chemical industry employed around 35,000 persons in In 2012 the number of employed was 3,000 lower, at around 32,000, which is about 7 per cent less than five years ago. Decreasing employment figures were observed in the chemicals and chemical products industry as well as in the rubber and plastic products industry. On the other hand, employment in pharmaceuticals has increased and the oil industry situation has been stable. This is a relatively favourable development, since at the same time most other industrial branches have experienced heavy job losses. Investments in the chemical industry were fairly high throughout the financial 10 KEMIA 5/2013

11 crisis. This was due to some larger investment projects started before the crisis broke out. In the chemical industry in 2011, fixed investments were approximately 470 million euros, and in 2012 they grew quite strongly. According to the Confederation of Finnish Industries, investments in chemical companies will fall again in 2013, and their value will sink to just over 530 million. At present the chemical industry s share of investment in the total manufacturing fixed investment is about 17 per cent. Global economic crises hit Finland Finland is a small and open economy and very dependent on global trade flows and export demand. This is why the domestic economy was so severely hit by the global economic crisis in 2009 despite the banking sector having a sound base. Kemira s Espoo Research Center develops new solutions for waterintensive industries. The Finnish chemical industry is doing well, its exports being on the increase. In 2009, the value of Finnish exports dropped by over 30 per cent year on year. The fall in export demand led to a decline of around 20 per cent in industrial production. Finland s GDP decreased by over 8 per cent, 5/2013 KEMIA 11

12 which is the largest drop measured in a single year since Finland s independence (1917). These figures show that the crisis was extremely deep and much steeper than any previously recorded downturn. Even the massive economic crisis that Finland suffered in the early 1990s was more gradual, when the GDP fell by 10.3 per cent over a three-year period. With the GDP shrinking at a record pace, employment has, in fact, developed in a surprisingly positive way. The unemployment rate has stayed below 9 per cent, which is much better than some earlier forecasts of per cent. In 2012, the unemployment rate was 7.7 per cent. This is a consequence of a fairly good consumer confidence, stimulus measures taken by the government as well as reasonably solid balance sheets in many Finnish companies. As a result, bankruptcies have only moderately increased and layoffs have been to a large extent only temporary. New downturn hit the economy The recent developments in the Finnish economy, however, bear witness to structural changes in the economy and problems related thereto. A new downturn hit the economy while it was still recovering from the previous slump. In 2012 the weak economic developments reflected in the GDP, which was down by 0.8 per cent. The downturn accelerated in the first quarter of 2013 and the real GDP was 2 per cent down, year on year. Decline of the economy is caused by a contraction in domestic demand and weak exports. The volume on construction plunged during Growth in household spending varied considerably in 2012, reflecting exceptional factors, such as changes in the tax on cars. In the latter half of the year, real retail trade remained level with the previous year. Finnish exports, both goods and services, declined in In the industrial sector, output growth in the chemical industry began to fade towards the end of The decline was most pronounced in electrical engineering and electronics. Output in the metal industry (electrical engineering and electronics excluded) and the forest industry remained largely unchanged, but has edged down during the first few months of No turn for the better yet According to the Business Tendency Survey conducted by the Confederation of Finnish Industries (EK) in July 2013, the expectations of Finnish companies have taken a new negative turn. Indicators signal lower than usual business confidence in economic devel opments across all sectors. The current situation is described as being weaker than average and no turn for the better is expected to take place in During the next six months, a decline is expected in all the main sectors. The number of new orders obtained by manufacturers responding to the survey fell slightly in early summer. The trend was weaker than originally expected three months ago. Orders in construction also declined, but slightly less than expected. Order books are lower than normal in manufacturing, while they are close to the usual level in construction. The service sectors had a very shallow sales growth in the early summer. This corresponded with the estimates given three months ago. The increase in sales is expected to stall in the upcoming months and hardly any growth is expected for the final three month period. The trend in the number of employees of Finnish companies continued to be weak. In April June, the labour force shrank to some degree in all three main sectors. Moreover, expectations for the coming months are mostly weak. In manufacturing and services, the decline in the number of employees is expected to gather speed in the third quarter. In construction, the labour force is expected to again decline. In the chemical industry order books still normal According to the EK s survey, no major changes occurred in the chemical industry s business situation in July. The vast majority of businesses also expect that economic development will be stable during the rest of the year. The production declined slightly in the spring and is expected to remain at current levels during the next few months. At the end of the year, the production will start to grow again. The EK s survey also shows that the chemical industry received fewer new orders than expected, but the level of the order books and capacity utilisation rate are still on the normal level. In July, sales prices and profitability declined slightly. The number of employees dropped somewhat, and the trend is expected to continue. Long term growth rate slowing down The key Finnish export sectors, the electronics and paper industries, have condensed substantially as a result of rapid restructuring. The financial crisis added further momentum to this process of change. In recent years, the GDP growth has been sustained by domestic demand. The recent reduction of domestic demand reveals a weakness in the fundamentals for growth in the economy. In the context of falling industrial output capacity and decreasing investment, growth that rests on the indebtedness of households and public sector is not sustainable. Even the chemical industry, which has enjoyed rapid growth since the recession, has showed no increase in its share of the GDP despite growing faster than manufacturing in general. Considerable downside risks also exist for the global economy, such as the public sector indebtedness in industrial countries, financial imbalances, and the prolongation of unemployment. In the short term the broad and concerted effort to consolidate public finances may depress demand and exacerbate the unemployment rate in Europe. This will also affect the chemical industry. The writer is Senior Economist at the Confederation of Finnish Industries EK. simo.pinomaa@ek.fi 12 KEMIA 5/2013

13 Onnea Elisa, Petteri ja muut kemian laudaturin ylioppilaat! Kemiasta laudaturin kirjoittaneet ja kirjoittavat kevään ja syksyn ylioppilaat palkitaan tänä vuonna ensimmäisen kerran Kemia-lehden vuosikerralla. Kevään lakkiaisissa stipendin sai kaikkiaan 264 uutta ylioppilasta. Palkittujen ylioppilaiden kemian opettajat saivat tunnustukseksi työstään vapaan pääsyn Kemia-lehden digiarkistoon. Lämpimät onnittelumme teille kaikille! On aivan mahtava asia, jotta kemiassa menestyneet abit saavat lehtistipendin. Jotain tällaista olen toivonutkin. Suuri kiitos! Kemian opettaja Jouko Ahola, Mikkelin lukio Hienoa, kun laudaturin kirjoittajia muistetaan upealla stipendillä. Kemia on erinomainen lehti, ja siellä on hyvää materiaalia opiskelijoille. Tällaista kannustusta tarvitaan! Apulaisrehtori Päivi Ojala, Kalajoen lukio Stipendi on palkinto vaivannäöstä ja onnistumisesta, joten hyvältä tuntuu! Kemialehden vuosikerta antaa mahdollisuuden tutustua alaan ja sen saavutuksiin. Oppikirjojen jälkeen on kiva päästä lukemaan käytännön sovelluksista, joita näyttää riittävän aina nanoteknologiasta ympäristönsuojeluun. Tulevaisuudessa on tarkoitus hankkia lääkärin paperit. Petteri Oura, Etelä-Tapiolan lukio Olin yllättynyt stipendistä, mutta kyllähän se hymyilytti! Lehti oli täyttä asiaa, mielenkiintoinen ja monipuolinen. Juttu epigenetiikasta oli erittäin kiinnostava. Aloitan syksyllä Aalto-yliopistossa kemian-, bio- ja materiaalitekniikan opinnot. Elisa Alasuvanto, Mikkelin lukio Yhteistyössä mukana KEMIA Ke mi

14 Intensified efforts for Attractiveness and better skills The Finnish chemical industry aims to be among the most popular employers by New methods for raising visibility among the young generations were developed in the Future with Chemistry project with Aalto University s IDBM programme. The industry is looking forward to outcomes from the anticipation project on skills needs in chemical production work. The need for accurate information about the industry s future skills is becoming increasingly important, as economic pressure forces some institutions to cut their training programmes. 14 KEMIA 5/2013

15 Riitta Juvonen The renowned Finnish education system is going through a renewal phase. With smaller incoming generations and shrinking budgets the education and training providers are forced to reconsider their offerings. A number of vocational and polytechnic institutes study programmes with high unit costs are under threat, especially with the low number of applicants. The vocational study programme for process industry operators is one of the training programmes that do not attract young people. Some education and training providers have already decided to discontinue the programme. Soile Kallio The number of polytechnics offering programmes for chemical process engineers, or related subjects, has also decreased. If this trend continues, the chemical industry will face growing recruitment challenges. The message from the industry is clear: the companies need skilful people for their production and other functions. If training for chemical industry professions weakens, success of the industry is endangered. For a balanced supply of education and training, communication between the industry and education sectors has to be intensified. To meet employers personnel needs close education-industry interaction on both local and national level is essential. Luckily cooperation between education and training institutes and employers is inbuilt in the Finnish education system. All basic three year vocational study programmes include a six months learning period in actual work places. Further development of this collaboration will aid the industry in delivering its message to the education institutions. Recently, the National Board of Education even provided some project funding for this work. Skills needs must be anticipated Changes in education systems and curricula tend to be slow. The results of changes made today will only be seen in the labour market after several years. Thus, it is crucial to look into the future and try to anticipate the future skills needs as exactly as possible. During the last few years the Finnish chemical industry has participated in a number of anticipation projects. These projects seem to concentrate on expert and managerial work, describing interesting scenarios about future working life and skills but paying less attention to production jobs. The innovative Aalto IDBM student group tested chemical industry brand concepts at the ChemBio Finland Fair in March To illuminate the needs in production work, the National Education and Training Committee of the Chemical and Forest Sector launched a project in 2012 about future skills in industrial production work. Based on changes in the operating environment and new technologies, the survey will provide a picture of a future process operator and the skills requirements involved. Preliminary results of the project based on company interviews and Delphi surveys show that process operators jobs are changing to cover a wider set of skills. Handling more automatised processes and mastering several positions in the The target is that the chemical industry holds a top position in young people s career plans by production line are traits of the future process operator. Understanding business processes and continuous assessment of health, safety, and environment aspects are also growing requirements on the factory floor level. The final report will be available later this year. The industry hopes that extensive use of these results will be made when developing operator training curricula. New concepts for better visibility According to a recent study by T-Media, Finnish teenagers rank the chemical industry as their 21 st option of 30 when asked where they would like to work. Despite the low interest in chemical industry jobs, the T-Media study shows that this branch is considered important for the society, offering higher wages than many other branches. The good news is that 30 per cent of the top pupils in high school position the chemical industry among attractive employers. The real challenge is that chemical companies are not known among the 5/2013 KEMIA 15

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