Avoin tietoyhteiskunta vapaan ja avoimen kehitystyön taustafilosofia

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1 Avoin tietoyhteiskunta vapaan ja avoimen kehitystyön taustafilosofia Oikeus tietoyhteiskunnassa Niklas Vainio Tampereen yliopisto

2 avoin tietoyhteiskunta suljettu tietoyhteiskunta

3 Tietoyhteiskuntaohjelma Suljettu tietoyhteiskunta laajakaistayhteydet, kotitietokoneet sähköiset viranomaispalvelut tietotekninen koulutus patenttien määrä sähköinen liiketoiminta Lainsäädäntö tekijänoikeus, ohjelmistopatentit netin suodatus teletarkkailu

4 Avoin tietoyhteiskunta vapaat ja avoimen lähdekoodin ohjelmistot vapaat ja avoimet sisällöt avoin kehitys yhteisölliset verkkopalvelut read/write web kansalaisjournalismi? web 2.0 blogit, wikit, p2p, Flickr, Google Maps,...

5 Tekijänoikeus tekijälle työstä palkka työ perustuu olemassaoleviin resursseihin yhteiset resurssit? tekijäpersoonan oikeudet taiteilija? ohjelmoija? yritykset? kannustin tieteen ja taiteen luomiseen ammattilaistekijät? luovuus, uutuus, laatu?

6 Vastaväite Piratismi Vapaiden ohjelmistojen liike Avoimen lähdekoodin ohjelmistot Avoimet standardit Creative Commons Wikipedia Open Access Open Hardware

7 Ohjelmistotuotannon käänteitä

8 Hakkerit (1950 ) 1. Access to computers and anything which might teach you something about the way the world works should be unlimited and total. Always yield to the Hands On Imperative! 2. All information should be free. 3. Mistrust authority promote decentralization. 4. Hackers should be judged by their hacking, not bogus criteria such as degrees, age, race, or position. 5. You can create art and beauty on a computer. 6. Computers can change your life for the better. Levy 1984

9 Mikrotietokoneet (1970 ) Almost a year ago, Paul Allen and myself, expecting the hobby market to expand, hired Monte Davidoff and developed Altair BASIC. [...] Why is this? As the majority of hobbyists must be aware, most of you steal your software. Hardware must be paid for, but software is something to share. Who cares if the people who worked on it get paid? [...] One thing you do do is prevent good software from being written. Who can afford to do professional work for nothing? [...] Most directly, the thing you do is theft. Bill Gates, February 3, 1976

10 Internet, vapaat ja avoimet ohjelmistot (1980 ) Richard Stallman, vapaat ohjelmistot 1984 Linus Torvalds: Linux (1991) Internetin kasvu 1990 luvulla Avoin lähdekoodi (1998) Netscape, Red Hat, IBM, Novell, Oracle,...

11 Vapaiden ohjelmistojen liike I consider that the golden rule requires that if I like a program I must share it with other people who like it. Software sellers want to divide the users and conquer them, making each user agree not to share with others. I refuse to break solidarity with other users in this way. I cannot in good conscience sign a nondisclosure agreement or a software license agreement. Richard Stallman (1984)

12 Vapaiden ohjelmistojen liike So that I can continue to use computers without dishonor, I have decided to put together a sufficient body of free software so that I will be able to get along without any software that is not free. I have resigned from the AI lab to deny MIT any legal excuse to prevent me from giving GNU away. Richard Stallman (1984)

13 Neljä vapautta The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0). The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this. The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor (freedom 2). The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements to the public, so that the whole community benefits (freedom 3). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.

14 Copyleft käyttäjänoikeus tekijänoikeuden kääntäminen nurin vapauden turvaaminen GNU General Public License perustuslaki, yhteiskuntasopimus GPL versio 3?

15 Perusteluja: yhteisö yhteisö: co operation, sharing, solidarity yhteiskunta: social spirit software sellers want to divide the users and conquer them, making each user agree not the share with others the fundamental act of friendship among programmers is the sharing of programs

16 Perusteluja: yksilö riippumattomuus 'Control over the use of one's ideas' really constitutes control over other people's lives uudet ihmisoikeudet Copying all or parts of a program is as natural to a programmer as breathing, and as productive. It ought to be as free.

17 Avoin lähdekoodi Eric Raymond: katedraali vs. basaari Every good work of software starts by scratching a developer's personal itch. Release early. Release often. Given a large enough beta tester and co developer base, almost every problem will be characterized quickly and the fix obvious to someone. > laadukas, tehokas, edullinen tapa kehittää ohjelmistoja

18 Open Source definition 1. Free Redistribution 2. Source Code 3. Derived Works 4. Integrity of The Author's Source Code 5. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups 6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor 7. Distribution of License 8. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product 9. License Must Not Restrict Other Software 10. License Must Be Technology Neutral

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20 Imagine a world in which every single person on the planet is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge. That's what we're doing. We make the Internet not suck. Jimbo Wales

21 Wikipedia

22 Creative Commons osa oikeuksista pidätetään teosta 26 maata Magnatune BBC Creative Archive Public Library of Science (PLoS) Star Wreck (2005) Elephants Dream (2006)

23 Vapauden tulkinnat The Open Source Initiative is a marketing program for free software. It's a pitch for "free software" on solid pragmatic grounds rather than ideological tub thumping. The winning substance has not changed, the losing attitude and symbolism have. (Open Source Initiative) For the Open Source movement, non free software is a suboptimal solution. For the Free Software movement, nonfree software is a social problem and free software is the solution. (Stallman & Kuhn)

24 Vapauden tulkinnat Quite frankly, I don't _want_ people using Linux for ideological reasons. I think ideology sucks. This world would be a much better place if people had less ideology, and a whole lot more "I do this because it's FUN and because others might find it useful, not because I got religion". (Linus Torvalds)

25 Lopuksi: vapaus tietoyhteiskunnassa vapaus: negatiivinen / positiivinen vapaus kenelle? kuka tarvitsee? mihin? taustaoletukset? avoin yhteiskunta > avoin tieto? kapitalismi? liberalismi? yhteisö?